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15.2 PCA
15.2: Moral and Religious Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| focused on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards (external motivation); judgments not based on rules that govern social interactions within society; focus: self; childhood - adolescence | preconventional morality |
| based on conformity to the social expectations of others or conformity to societal laws (internal motivation); focus: relationships; adolescence | conventional morality |
| views laws as a social contract or considers abstract principles such as human rights (for example, life, liberty, freedom of speech); serve needs of society; focus; ideals/principles; internal motivation; adolescence/early adulthood | postconventional morality |
| According to Turiel, preadolescents struggle to respond to moral dilemmas in a coherent fashion because | moral values are in conflict with each other and with social conventional values |
| social reasoning is structured around three general domains of experience: moral judgments, social conventional judgments, and psychological domain | social domain theory |
| reflect issues of harm, rights, welfare, equality and fair allocation of resources | moral judgments |
| concern customs, norms, and conventions that govern social interactions within families, peer groups, classrooms, and other social organizations | social conventional judgments |
| includes personal choices such as how many friends to invite a party, favorite foods, etc. | psychological domain |
| in middle childhood, moral considerations drive moral judgment regardless of nonmoral considerations | level 1 - straightforward one-dimensional |
| young adolescents become aware of the factors creating moral ambiguity but are not able to coordinate them; self-interest can often trump moral judgment | level 2 - multidimensional uncoordinated |
| adolescents weigh moral and nonmoral factors and coordinate them in an increasing number of situations to select the most moral action | level 3 - multidimensional coordinated |
| moral reasoning that is focused on interpersonal contexts; activated when we have to balance our own needs, wishes, and preferences with those of others | prosocial reasoning |
| Youth in all three religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism) connected to their faith on what? | basis of beliefs, participation in services and religious traditions, commitment to religious principles, personal relationships |
| Babies have a ____ sense of justice (recognize ethically good and bad behavior) but cannot _____ | rudimentary, morally reason through complex situations |
| based primarily on moral reasoning and unfolds in stages, emphasis on perspective taking, universal, moral dilemmas | Kohlberg's Theory |
| Kohlberg's theory was criticized for not addressing _____, his stages being _____ | prosocial behaviors, situational behavior; too rigid and not accounting for individual differences in various cultures and family processes |
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alumesi