Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
7 - BB Learning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Learning / Memory | Learning - Change in Behaviour from Experience (acquiring knowledge) Knowledge AFFECTS Behaviour |
| Memory | RETENTION Learned Information |
| Learning | CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR (EXPERIENCE) |
| Memory | RETENTION OF LEARNED INFORMATION |
| MEMORY TYPES (2) | Declarative Non Declarative |
| Declarative Memory Type | Conscious YES Brain areas - Medial Temporal Lobe (Hippocampus) Example - Facts, Events, Names |
| Non Declarative Memory Type | Conscious NO Brain areas - Cerebellum (movement), Striatum (Habits), Amygdala (emotions) Cerebellum, Striatum, Amygdala (emotions) Skills like riding a bike |
| LEARNING TYPES (2) | Non Associative Associative |
| NON ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING TYPE | Habituation, Sensitisation Response changes to repeated stimulus |
| ASSOCIATIVE Learning Type | Classical and Instrumental Conditioning Associations between stimuli/events |
| Memory Systems | Short term/Working Memory Long Term Memory |
| Short term/Working Memory | 7 items, Easily disrupted, Prefrontal Cortex |
| Long Term Memory | More Stable, May not need STM first Emotional/Spaced practice help |
| Neuroplasticity | Brain changes with Experience |
| Learning | Behaviour change with EXPERIENCE |
| Behaviour Change | BRAIN |
| NeuroGENESIS | NEW NEURONS (Dentate Gyrus - HIPPOCAMPUS) |
| HIPPOCAMPUS | GENESIS - THINK OF HIPPOPOTAMUS EVOLVING |
| Dendritic branching/pruning | More Input More Branches |
| Synaptic Plasticity | Strengthening or Weakening of Synapses |
| Synaptic Plasticity involves | LTP or LTD |
| LTP LONG TERM POTENTIATION SYNAPSES | STRENGTHENS SYNAPSE more EPSPs Better Memory |
| LONG TERM DEPRESSION | WEAKENS SYNAPSE "Unlearns" incorrect info |
| Key terms | Hebb - Neurons that fire together wire together FIRE TOGETHER = WIRE TOGETHER Synaptic specifity, cooperativity, associativity: synapses active together are strengthened TOGETHER = STRENGTHENED NEURONS WIRE SYNAPSES STRENGTHEN |
| Molecular Mechanisms | GLUtamate Receptors AMPA: Initial EPSP NMDA: Needs depolarisation (Mg2 block removed) allow Ca2+ entry -> triggers LTP |
| AMPA | Initial EPSP |
| Depolarisation | -> triggers LTP |
| High Frequency firing | LTP (via CaMKII, PKC) |
| Low Frequency firing | LTD (via phosphatases) |
| Neurogenesis | Neural Stem Cells (Subependyma) SUBEPENDYMA Triggered by BDNF (Growth Factor) Reduced in depression Increased in antidepressants Antidepressents support Neurogenesis |
| Triggered by BDNF (Growth Factor) | Exercise Enriched Environments Exercise and Enriched Environments |
| Key Research Models | Aplysia (Sea Slugs) - Simple Nervous System, study LTP/LTD Morris water maze, Radial arm maze (Animals SPATIAL learning and memory) - SPATIAL and DECLERATIVE memory in RODENTS |
| Spatial memory | Orientation in space Environment |
| HUMAN case studies | Patient HM - Loss of Hippocampus -> Anterograde Amnesia (Can't form new declarative memories) but preserved Procedural Memory |
| Hippocampus | DECLERATIVE MEMORIES |
| Anterograde Amnesia | No Hippocampus No Declarative Memories Procedural Memory intact |
| Alzheimer's Disease | Loss of Acetylcholine (ACh) Memory Loss Personality Changes Cognitive Decline |
| Alzheimer's Disease is treated | With Cholinergic Drugs |
| Working Memory | Involves Prefrontal Cortex Tested by Delayed Response Task Holds/Manipulates info short term (Eg mental arithmetic) |
| Working Memory Broken Down | Prefrontal Cortex Delayed Response Task Holds info short term Mental arithmetic |
| WM | How your memory works in day to day situations |
Created by:
brendonpizarro1