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Test #1
| Biomolecule | A molecule that is produced by a living organism |
| 4 categories of biomolecules | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| Carbohydrates | Group of chemicals that store energy and provide for an organism |
| 3 types of carbohydrates | Sugar, starches, and cellulose |
| Sugars | Small simple carbohydrates |
| Monosaccharides | 1 sugar |
| Disaccharides | 2 sugars |
| Polysaccharides | many sugars |
| Animals store energy in polysaccharides called _______________ | glycogen |
| plants store energy in polysaccharides called _____________________ | Starch |
| Starch | become simple sugars for energy |
| Cellulose | A carbon that is the main substance in plant cell walls |
| Lipids | A group[ of chemicals that include fats, oils, waxes , phospholipids and steroids |
| when energy needs to restored for a long time | carbohydrates can be converted to fat |
| Fats | long term energy source, insulation |
| Oil | Long term energy storage |
| Wax | Protection against water |
| Phospholipid | Structural, forms the membrane that surrounds cells and helps diside what goes in and out of cells |
| Steroids | - Structural and control - cholesterol part of the membrane that surrounds cells |
| Protiens | - large complex molecules composed of smaller molecules called amino acids - only 20 amino acids are used to make proteins , proteins have many functions |
| 6 protein functions | Movement, Structure, regulation, transport, nutrition, defense |
| Movement | Muscle contraction |
| Structure | Collagen, a protein that forms bones |
| regulations | Enzymes, help control chemical reactions in cells |
| Transport | Hemoglobin, a protein that helps blood cells transport oxygen |
| Nutrition | Casein, a protein that stores amino acids |
| Defence | Antibodies, proteins that help fight off viruses and bacteria |
| Nucleic acids | Large complex molecules that carry complex information |
| DNA | Blueprint |
| RNA | Builder |
| Element | a substance that cannot be Broken down by chemical process into simpler substances |
| Compound | 2 or more elements chemically combined |
| Atom | fundamental unit of all elements |
| Protons have a _______________ charge | Positive |
| Electrons have a _______________ charge | negative |
| neutrons have a ________________ charge | neutral |
| Nucleus | central part of atom composed of protons and neutrons . |
| Electrons ____________ the __________________ | surround the nucleus |
| Elements will usually __________________________________ | have the same number of protons and electrons to balance to out |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the atom |
| Atomic symbol | Short representation for the name of the element |
| Atomic mass | average massif the element of protons and neutrons |
| Protons + neutrons = _____________________ | Atomic mass |
| Atomic mass - protons = ___________________ | neutrons |
| Ion | an item of an element that has lost or gained an electron |
| positive ion | Atoms that loose electrons |
| negative ion | Atom that an gains electron |
| isotope | atom has different number of neutrons but same number of protons |
| Atoms of same element _________________________ | always have the same number of protons but can have different numbers of neutrons |
| chemical bond` | Hold atoms together to form compound |
| Ionic bond | transfer of electrons |
| covalent bond | sharing of electrons |
| Molecules | 2 or more atoms chemically joined together (H2O) |
| non- polar | covalent bonds are shared equally |
| polar | Covalent bonds are not shared equally |
| Biology | The study of life |
| Organism | term for all living things |
| Spontaneous generation | a belief that life begins when a force enters a nonliving thing |
| Spontaneous generation was proven _______________________ | Wrong |
| Biogenesis | A principal that all life comes only from life |
| Biogenesis was proven ______________ | Right |
| Francesco Redi Experiment | Do maggots emerge from a force entering the meat or from flies? |
| Meat in open jar | Maggots appeared |
| Meat in sealed jar | Maggots did not appear (flies could not enter the jar) |
| Meat in jar with cloth | Maggots did not appear - a theoretical force could enter the meat but flies could not enter |
| Reid's experiment supported _______________ | Biogenesis |
| 5 characteristics of all living things | Organization, Energy, Growth/development, reproduction, Response/ adaption |
| Organization | Living things are highly organized |
| Energy | Organisms take I energy from the environment and use it for their life processes |
| Growth/development | increase in size/ change in shape or form |
| Reproduction | The process through which new living thing are formed |
| Response/ adaption | respond to environmental stimuli/ population of organisms respond to long term changes in their surroundings |
| Organization of life | Atom/ molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, individual/organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
| preditor | an organism that kills and eats another organism |
| Pray | An organism that gets killed and eaten |
| symbiosis | relationships in which different species depend on each other |
| Mutualism | Both partners benefit from the relationship ex: Flower and bee |
| Commensalism | One partner benefits and the other partner is unaffected ex: Cow and bird |
| Parasitism | one partner benefits from the relationship while the other is harmed |
| Atom / molecule | Basic unit of a chemical element and 1 or more atoms bonded together |
| cell | the smallest units of life capable of carrying out all of the functions of living things |
| Tissue | A group of calls that work together to preform a specific function |
| Organ | 2 or more types of tissues working together to preform a specific function |
| Organ system | organs working together to preform a function |
| Individual/ organism | any living thing |
| population | group of similar organisms in the same place |
| Community | interacting populations in a given area |
| Echosystem | all of the community's and nonliving things in am area |
| Biosphere | all ecosystems in the world - the thin layer of air, land and water that is home to all living things on earth |
| Chemical reaction | One or more substances are changed into new substances by breaking or forming chemical bonds |
| ___________ is needed to either form or break chemical bonds | energy |
| _________________ can speed up a reaction | heat |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up or slows down a reaction also being changed or used up in the reaction |
| In addition to heat, chemical reactions can also be sped with a ___________________ | Catalyst |
| Living organisms use protein catalyst called _____________ | enzymes |
| Enzymes | protein catalyst |
| Metabolism | Combination of all of the chemical changes that take place in an organism |
| Metabolism is needed ___________________________________________________ | to obtain and use energy to preform body functions |
| Homeostasis | tenancy of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions |
| Solution | a uniform mixture of 2 or more substances |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution (sugar) |
| Solvent | dissolving substance |
| hydrogen bonds | weak chemical bonds between hydrogen and other atoms |
| Polar molecules | unequal sharing of electrons - opposites attract |
| Cohesion | water molecules sticking together |
| Water molecules cling to each other through _____________________ | hydrogen bonds |
| cohesion produces __________________ | surface tension |
| water travels __________________ | upward |
| Xylem | the tubes water goes up |
| _______________ hydrogen atom clings to a ______________ oxygen atom on a _______________________ | positive, negative, different water molecule |
| Expansion | water expands when frozen |
| does ice float? why or why not? | yes, frozen water is less dense than liquid water |
| Hydrogen bonding results in the ________________ structure of ice | crystal |
| Stimulus response | an organisms response to different aspects in their environment over short periods of time ex: tiger and sun/shade |
| Evolve | organisms also adapt to their environment over long periods of time ex: polar bears |
| Extinction | some organisms are unable to adapt to their environment and do not survive ex: saber tooth tiger |
| Observation | the begging process of science is to look at the world and ask questions |
| Hypothesis | possible explanation for an event or set of observation |
| scientific method | Observation, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion |
| Experiments | The process of finding evidence and seeing weather or not it supports the hypothesis |
| Results | The raw data that is discovered an the process of doing an experiment |
| Conclusion | Studying the results and seeing if they support the hypothesis |
| Hypothesis is a _______________________ | if (hypothesis) Then (conclusion) |
| variable | factors that change in an experiment |
| Theory | hypothesis supported by many experiments done over a period of time |
| Control | factors remain the same in an experiment |
| Louis Pasteur supports _____________________ | biogenesis |
| Louis Pasteurs question __________________ | Surgical patients kept on dying of infection - why? |
| germ theory | A theory that germs can lead to disease |
| Louis Pasteur's Observation __________________________________________________________ | Micro organisms can grow in broth - where there was previously not visible life |
| Louis Pasteur's Hypothesis ___________________________________________________________ | If the broth is exposed to the dust then bacteria will grow in broth |
| Louis Pasteur's experiment | Pasteur took 2 flasks filled with broth each flask has a curved neck. Pasteur boiled the broth in each flask. Pasteur broke off the neck on one flask and left the neck on the other flask. |
| Louis Pasteur's results | Curved neck --> nothing got in Straight neck --> bacteria grew |
| Louis Pasteur's conclusion | germ theory |
| Fact | is observable |
| theory | a possible explanation to try and understand something |
| _______________ support _______________ | facts theories |
| Law | describes what happens based off of observations and facts |
Created by:
ZC1234