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GE205 WPR2
Lesson 15 to 21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rastafarianism | Developed from the teachings and ideas of Marcus Garvey; emerged in the 1930s during the resistance to Babylon; it occurred because a man named Ras Tafari claimed to be the emperor of Ethiopia and took the name Haile Selassie |
| Geographic Presence of Rastafarianism | 700,000 to 1 million Rastafari across the world. Jamaica is the largest community of Rastafari. |
| Rasta Principles | Monotheistic faith in Jah (god); Haile Selassie is their messiah; Africa is the promised land; reject materialism |
| Place of Origin (Rastafarianism) | emerged in Jamaica; grew from Kingston to rural areas and expanded throughout communities via street preaching and word of mouth |
| Spread of Rastafarianism | It was spread through Reggae music by Jamaican singer and songwriter, Bob Marley; it was also spread due to migration after WW2; it spread to the US and Africa, it has the greatest influence in South Africa, Ethiopia, and Ghana |
| Vodou | A combination pf traditional West African religion and French Catholicism; The god is Bondye, but is too distant so believers interact with Lwa which are spirits that provide guidance healing and assistance |
| Origins of Vodou | Africans brought to Haiti as slaves forced to practice French Catholicism; served as a response to the institution of slavery and seen as ritual reenactment of Haiti's colonial past; syncretism |
| Core Beliefs of Vodou | Bondye - supreme creator god; Lwa - spirits that serve Bondye, >1000; Creating harmony keep a balance, cultivate virtues, and instill desirable values in children; their primary concern was the well being of individuals and welfare of the group |
| Practices and Rituals of Vodou | Early Vodou practices began as a unifying and motivating force for the inhuman atrocities of slavery; a famous Vodou ceremony is named after Bois Caiman, a priest of Vodou |
| Santeria (origins) | Afro-Cuban religion blending Yoruba traditions with Spanish-Catholic influences; originated from enslaved people in the Trans-Atlantic Trade; |
| Core beliefs of Santeria | Gods are called Orishas and they are part of your body, there is no distance between self and divine other; the 6th sense is recognizing orisha, spirits, and familial ancestors; los siento are body gestures; trastornos are spiritual twistings (hauntings) |
| Santeria's practices and rituals | led by priests and priestess; practioners are called Santeros/as; to sanctify priests, they wash, shave, and paint their heads, its spiritually permanent; the purpose of rituals is to be made Lucumi(african); animal sacrifice saves them from being slaves |
| Santeria's Divination | ifa vs ocha: ifa are male centered and heterosexual and ocha are heterogenous and inclusive |
| Bahai | began in mid 19th century in Iran; was founded by Bahaullah; it stemmed from Bab in 1844; Bahaullah was the new divine messenger coming from other prophets of other religions: message of world peace and unity of religon |
| Spread of Bahai | Religious exile and persecution; trade and travel through the former silk road; currently the faith has 5 to 7 million followers |
| Bahai Core Beliefs | One god beyond human understanding; all major world religions come from the same source and represent revelations from god; all people are equal; humanity should want peace and justice |
| acceptance into bahai | conditional on acceptance of Bahuallah as a messenger of god; organize ones life with Bahuallah's teachings' recognize the authority of a universal House of justice; no formal initiation |
| Zoroastrianism | the founder is Zarathustra (Zoroaster) c. 1200-1000 BCE; it started in the Eastern Iranian Plateau/ central asia; reform of polytheism into ethical monotheism; rejected old Indo-Iranian deities and elevated Ahura Mazda as god |
| Zoroastrianism Core Beliefs | Ahura Mazda is the supreme creator god and embodiment of good; Importance of asha (truth, order) vs druj (falsehood); humans have free will and choose their own destiny |
| Zoroastrianism Political Role | Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BCE) it was the state supported religion under Cyrus, Darius, and successors. was used to unify a diverse empire across Eurasia. religious tolerance; the Achaemenid Kings used the religion to legitimize their rule; |
| Zoroastrianism's influence on other religions | beliefs about the afterlife including heaven, hell, angels, and demons, and final judgement influenced judaism, christianity, and islam. silk road helped move the idea; dualistic view of good and evil shaped Manichaeism; |
| decline and survival of Zoroastrianism | it declined after the Islamic conquest of Persia; many fled to India; after the Arab Muslim conquest of Persia, Zoroastrians were heavily taxed and converted. tiny community of 100,000 to 120,000 worldwide |
| Sikhism | began in late 15th century Punjab; monotheistic; god has no gender or form; founded by Guru Nanak (1469 -1539) who laid the foundations for daily prayers and congregations to hear hymns; 10 gurus after the death of the first |
| origins of Sikhism | Guru Arjan found the golden temple in 1604 & codified the Sikh scriptures Ari Granth & died in 1675; His son was the last guru; Khalsa were founded by Singh & were the elite; authority of Sikhs end when Singh was assassinated & it was placed in scriptures |
| Origins of Sikhism pt2 | The Sikhs fought the Mughals; Ranjit Singh established Punjab as independent in 1801; It was taken by the British in 1840; Amritsar massacre in 1919; |
| 5 articles of faith (sikhism) | Kachera- lower undergarment Kangha - comb Kara - bracelet made of steel Kesh - uncut hair is in a Joora (topknot) and covered with a turban Kirpan - small sword |
| Main Ideas of sikhism | One god who is almighty omnipresent and without form; final goal is to become one with god; universal brotherhood, no smoking, vegetarians, no caste, no cutting hair |
| Distribution of Sikhism | over 29 million; 2.2% of India; primarily live in Punjab; often victims of hate crimes; anti immigration issues; |
| Wicca | modern paganism and is a witch based religion founded in the 1950s; started in the UK; Gerald Gardner is the founder of English Wicca who wrote the Book of Shadows; magic rituals are conducted by manipulating the natural world by cosmic energy |
| Wiccan Covens | met in groups of 13; 6 pairs of male female and 1 head priest or priestess; often solitary; rule of three (karma) and reincarnation borrowed from Hinduism |
| seasonal festivals wicca | Ostara - Mar 21, spring Equinox Litha - June 21, summer solstice Mabon - Sept 21, autumn equinox Yule - Dec 22, winter solstice Imbolic - Feb 2 Beltane - Apr 30 Lughnasdh - July 31 Samhain - Oct 31 Goddess has 3 phases - maid, mother, crone |
| denominations wiccan | Gardnerian - trace lineage to founder, led by high priestesses, duo-theistic Alexandrian - electic, outside of tradition Dianic - feminist based, worship only the goddess, women only coven Eclectic - solitary, common in US, members experiment |
| Wiccan locations | Western and English speaking world; became well known after the UK legalized witch craft in the 50s; became popular in the 60s due to environmentalism and other movements |
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