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muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tendon | Connects muscle to bone |
| Skeletal Muscle | voluntary, moves bones |
| Cardiac Muscle | Involuntary, in the heart |
| Smooth Muscle | involuntary, in organs |
| Sarcomere | the unit of contraction in the muscle fiber |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | stores and releases calcium for contraction |
| Calcium Ions | bind to troponin to start contraction |
| Actin filaments | thin filaments that myosin pulls on |
| Myosin filaments | thick filaments that full actin using energy |
| Troponin | protein that binds calcium and moves tropomyosin |
| Tropomyosin | covers actin binding sites until moved by troponin |
| Adenosin Triphosphate (ATP) | provides energy for muscle contraction |
| The first muscle rule | Muscles must have at least 2 points of attachment |
| The second muscle rule | The attachment that moves is called the Insertion the attachment that remains stationary is the Origin |
| The third muscle rule | Muscles must cross at least 1 joint |
| The fourth muscle rule | Muscles work in opposing pairs A muscle that decreases the angle of the joint is called a Flexor a muscle that increases the angle of a joint is called an extensor |
| The fifth muscle rule | Muscles can only pull/ contract to get shorter |
| The sixth muscle rule | Macroscopic striations show the direction of muscle contraction |
| Muscle Fatigue | when a muscle loses strength or can't contract well after long use |
| Electromyogram | a test that records the electrical activity of muscles |
| Tetany | a continuous, sustained muscle contraction without relaxation |
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