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National Boards-EC
Set 1- Development and Characteristics of Learners
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) | Umbrella term for students who have a disability related to reading, writing, speaking, listening, reasoning or math. |
| Other Health Impairment (OHI) | Umbrella term for a disability that limits a child's strength, energy or alertness. Can include ADHD, diabetes, HIV/Aids, heart conditions. |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | Disability that affects a student's social and communication skills- sometimes behavior. Characteristics that are associated with this disability may vary depending on the student. |
| Emotional Disturbance (ED) | Disability category for a number of mental disorders- anxiety, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, psychotic disorders. |
| Speech or Language Impairment | Covers students with language impairments. |
| Visual Impairment or Blindness | Disability category for students with visual impairments that significantly impedes their learning. |
| Deafness/Hearing Impairment Deaf-Blind | Categories that cover students with hearing and/or vision impairments. |
| Orthopedic Impairments | Category for physical impairments |
| Intellectual Disability (ID) | Category for students who are diagnosed with below-average intellect. Students display limitations in mental functioning, communication, self care, social skills. |
| Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | Category that covers students who have suffered injuries to the brain. |
| Multiple Disabilities | Category that covers a student who has multiple disabilities. |
| Physical Disability | Refers to any disability that limits fine or gross mobility and prevents normal body movement. |
| 504 Plan | When a physical disability does not affect academic success, this allows the student accommodations, modifications or other related services. |
| Individualized Education Plan (IEP) | When a disability affects learning, students may qualify for specialized instruction, accommodations, modifications etc, through an |
| Dyslexia | Disability that affects reading fluency, accuracy and comprehension. Also affects spelling, writing. Students also have trouble with phonemic awareness and decoding. |
| Dysgraphia | Disability that can affect accuracy, fluency, comprehension, writing, holding a pencil, spelling, math, forming letters correctly, use correct letter spacing, distinguishing shapes, copying texts and reading maps. |
| Effects of hearing loss on language development | Students may have difficulty making sounds, use short or incomplete sentences, leave out words or word endings, struggle to understand and use sentences, and have trouble learning abstract vocabulary. |
| Receptive Language Disorders | Students may have trouble processing spoken language, may seem unfocused and have difficulties following verbal directions. Students cannot perceive meaning from what they hear. Answers to questions may be off topic. |
| Medical Disabilities | category of disabilities that include problems related to diseases, genetics,illnesses and trauma. |
| Orthopedic Impairment per IDEA. | Students who have medical issues such as cerebral palsy, can receive services under |
| adversely affect educational performance | In order for medical and physical disabilities to allow a student to qualify for services, the disabilities must |
| specific learning disability | medical issues, delayed speech, problems with socialization, behavior delays, academic delays are early characteristics of |
| ADD or ADHD per IDEA | A diagnosis from a physician is not enough to qualify a student who has |
| qualifies the student under the learning disability category | ADHD and or ADD in conjunction with a learning disability |
| 504 plan | if ADHD/ADD impacts learning, but no other disability is present then the student can qualify for a |
Created by:
kchedden