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AW Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mandate of Heaven | a Chinese political and religious concept that gave the ruler the right to rule by divine will, based on their ability to govern justly |
| Zhou | Overthrew the Shang dynasty, established historical Chinese dynasty that flourished 1122 to 256 BCE |
| Shi Huangdi | Founder of the brief Qin Dynasty 221 BCE |
| Qin Dynasty | 221 BCE, established at the end of the warring states period, following decline of Zhou |
| Han Dynasty | Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin 207 BCE, ruled for next 400 years |
| Great Wall | Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep pit the nomadic invaders from the north |
| Xunzi | Chinese philosopher of Confucianism during the late Warring States |
| Confucius | Also known as Kong Fuzi: major chinese philosopher born in 6th century BCE, author of analects |
| Confucianism | a philosophical and ethical system founded by Confucius that emphasizes morality, social harmony, and proper conduct |
| Mencius | a Chinese Confucian philosopher, often described as the Second Sage to reflect his traditional esteem relative to Confucius himself. |
| Legalism | strict adherence to a literal interpretation of laws or rules, often disregarding context or spirit. |
| Daoism | an ancient Chinese tradition and philosophy centered on living in harmony with the Dao or "the Way," which is seen as the natural, spontaneous, and fundamental force of the universe |
| Buddha | Creator of major indian and aisan religion, son of local ruler among aryan tribes located near the Himalayas |
| Alexander the Great | Successor of Philip II, successfully conquered Persian empire prior to his death, attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures |
| Himalayas | Mountain region marking northern border of indian subcontinent |
| Monsoons | Seasonal winds crossing Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia |
| Sanskrit | Sacred and classical indian language |
| Varnas | clusters of caste groups in aryan society, 4 social castes |
| Brahmans | priest, highest part of social caste |
| Kshatriyas | governing class |
| Vaisyas | traders and farmers |
| Sudras | common laborers |
| Untouchables | lowest social caste in Hindu culture, street sweepers, waste cleaners, etc. |
| Jati | a caste or subcaste. |
| Indra | Chief diety of the aryans, depicted as a colossal, hard drinnking warrior |
| Chandragupta Maurya | Founder of Mauryan Dynasty, established first empire in Indian subcontinent, first centralized government since Harapan civilization |
| Mauryan | dynasty established in indian subcontinent |
| Ashoka | grandson of chandragupta maurya, completed conquests of indian subcontitnet, converted to buddhism and sponsored spread if new religion |
| Dharma | caste position and career determined by a persons birth, hindu culture required that one accepts one social status |
| Guptas | dyanasty that succeeded the kushans, built empire that extended to all but southern regions of Indian sub continent |
| Kautilya | Political adviser to chandragupta maurya |
| Hinduism | Indias majority religion, no single founder |
| Buddhism | a religion and philosophy that originated in ancient India, founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) over 2,500 years ago |
| Gurus | originally referred to as brahmans, served as teachers for princes do the imperial court |
| Vishnu | the brahman later hindu, god of preservence, widely worshiped |
| Shiva | hindu god of destruction and reproduction, worshipped as personification of cosmic forces of change |
| Reincarnation | The successive attachment to the soul to some animate form of according to merits earned in previous lives |
| Nirvana | the Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility |
| Bhagavad Gita | an ancient Hindu scripture that takes the form of a dialogue between the warrior Arjuna and his charioteer, Lord Krishna, just before a great battle |
| Kamasutra | Written by vatsayana during gupta era |
| Stupas | stone shrines built to house pieces of bone or hair an personal possessions said to be relics of Buddha |
| Scholar-Gentry | chinese class created by the marital linkage of local land holding aristocracy with office holding shi |
Created by:
RileyBell2