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Pharm Module 18
Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Type 1 Diabetes | results from an autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic B cells. Usually develops in persons younger than 30 years of age. |
| Type 2 diabetes | development is attributed to a much more sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise. Usually develops in persons older than 40 years, however more and more cases are being reported for those under 20 years old. |
| Hyperglycemia | refers to an abnormally high level of glucose (sugar) in the blood |
| Hypoglycemia | condition characterized by abnormally low levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood |
| Hyperkalemia | medical condition characterized by elevated levels of potassium (an essential electrolyte) in the blood |
| Glycosuria | the presence of glucose (sugar) in the urine |
| Prophylactic | refers to measures or treatments designed to prevent disease or a condition before it occurs |
| UTI | Urinary Tract Infection |
| Xerostomia | medical term for dry mouth |
| Arthralgia | joint pain |
| Macroangiopathy | refers to damage or disease affecting the large blood vessels |
| Microangiopathy | refers to damage or disease affecting the small blood vessels |
| Ketoacidosis | serious condition characterized by the buildup of acids called ketones in the body, which occurs when the body breaks down fat for fuel instead of carbohydrates. This can lead to a dangerously high level of acidity in the blood |
| insulin aspart (NovoLog) rapid- acting | Insulins |
| insulin lispro (Humalog) rapid-acting | Insulins |
| insulin regular (Humulin R) short- acting | Insulins |
| insulin glargine (Lantus) long- acting | Insulins |
| metformin (Glucophage) | Biguanides |
| canagliflozin (Invokana) | SGLT-2 Inhibitors |
| liraglutide (Victoza) | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists |
| semaglutide (Ozempic) | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists |
| glimepiride (Amaryl) | Sulfonylureas |
| glipizide (Glucotrol) | Sulfonylureas |
| glyburide (DiaBeta) | Sulfonylureas |
| sitagliptin (Januvia) | DPP-4 Inhibitors |
| pioglitazone (Actos) | Thiazolidinediones |