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DG Cardiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does a P wave indicate? | Atrial Depolarization |
| What does a QRS complex indicate? | Ventricle Depolarization |
| What does a T wave represent? | Ventricle Repolarization |
| What is a normal PR interval? | 0.12-0.20 |
| What is a normal QRS interval ? | Less than .12 |
| What intercostal space are leads V1 and V2 placed ? | The 4th intercostal place |
| Where is lead V4 placed? | Mid clavicular, 5th intercostal |
| Where is lead V6 placed? | Mid axillary, 5th intercostal |
| What are the 3 narrow complex tachycardias with irregular rhythms? | A-fib, MAT, sinus tach with ectopy |
| Whats the difference between a RBBB and an incomplete RBBB? | An incomplete RBBB has a narrow QRS |
| What is absolute refractory period? | The time during which myocardial cells are unable to respond to any electrical stimuli |
| What are the anterior leads | V3 &V4 |
| Causes of QT interval prolongation? | Drugs, Lytes, CNS catastrophe, BBB, or ischemia &infarction |
| Common causes of PAC's | Caffeine, Nicotine, stimulants, sympathomimetics, & hypoxia |
| Usual rate of atrial activity during A-flutter? | 300BPM |
| Which frontal leads are Bipolar? | l, ll, & lll |
| Which frontal leads are unipolar? | The three augmented leads |
| What is sick sinus syndrome? | Sinus arrhythmia that doesnt correspond to respiration. |
| ST segments are measured at the ..... | J point |
| 3 causes of narrow, regular tachycardia | Sinus tach, A-flutter, PSVT |
| A wave of depolarization moving away from a monitoring electrode will record… | A negative deflection |
| A wave of depolarization moving toward a monitoring electrode will record… | A positive deflection |
| ECG criteria for WPW | 1. Short PRI 2. Wide QRS complex due to the presence of a… 3. Delta wav |
| ECG findings associated with hyperkalemia | Tall, peaked T waves; Decreased p-wave amplitude; QRS widening; P-waves disappear and IVR is simulated; Sine wave |
| ECG findings associated with hypocalcemia | Prolonged ST segment with prolonged QTc |
| ECG findings associated with hypokalemia | Mild ST segment depression, decreased T wave amplitude, prominent U waves |
| ECG findings of hypercalcemia | Short ST segment, resulting in short QTc interval |
| Pathologic left axis deviation equals… | Left anterior fasicular block. Confirm via lateral q-waves and inferior r-waves |
| Positive and negative electrodes in Lead I | Positive: Left arm; Negative: Right arm |
| Positive and negative electrodes in Lead II | Positive: Left leg; Negative: Right arm |
| Positive and negative electrodes in Lead III | Positive: Left leg; Negative: Left arm |
| Potential treatments for hyperkalemia | Calcium, glucose and insulin, sodium bicarbonate, Albuterol or other B-adrenergic agent, kayexelate, dialysis |
| Right axis deviation plus right bundle branch block equals… | RBBB with left posterior fasicular block. Confirm via lateral r-waves and inferior q-waves |
| Sick sinus syndrome definition | Sinus arrhythmia that doesn't correspond to respiration |
| Torsades de pointes | Polymorphic wide-complex tachycardia characterized by gradual alteration in the amplitude and direction of the QRS complexes |
| Three step criteria for LVH | In patients older than 35 years: 1. Deepest S in V1 or V2 plus the tallest R in V5 or V6 greater than or equal to 35 mm 2. R wave in aVL greater than or equal to 12 mm 3. Lateral strain or strain equivalent pattern |
| Three possible appearances of junctional p-waves | 1. P-wave is inverted and precedes the QRS 2. P-wave is absent (hidden by the QRS) 3. P-wave is inverted and follows the QRS |
| Depolarization | An electrical stimulus causes sodium to rush into a resting cell, changing the cell's electrical potential from negative to positive |
| ECG criteria for 1° AV block | Prolonged PR interval (greater than 0.20 seconds) |
| ECG criteria for 2° AV block, Type 1 | 1. P-wave that doesn't conduct to the ventricles when it should 2. Progressive lengthening of the PRI, resetting at the dropped p-wave 3. Regular atrial rate, irregular ventricular response |
| ECG criteria for 2° AV block, Type 2 | 1. P-wave that doesn't conduct to the ventricles when it should 2. Constant PRI (Usually normal) 3. Often has a wide QRS, but not always |
| ECG criteria for 3° AV block | Complete AV dissociation - regular atrial and ventricular conduction which are unrelated |
| ECG criteria for idioventricular rhythms | Rate 20-40 bpm; Regular rhythm; Wide QRS |
| ECG criteria for IVCD | 1. Wide QRS 2. All four RBBB criteria are not present 3. All four LBBB criteria are not present |
| ECG criteria for left bundle branch block | 1. Wide QRS 2. Predominantly negative QRS in V1 3. Upright QRS in Lead I 4. Upright QRS in V6 |
| ECG criteria for multiform atrial tachycardia | Three or more consecutive p-waves with grossly different morphologies, with a ventricular rate over 100 bpm |
| ECG criteria for right bundle branch block | 1. Wide QRS 2. Terminal R-wave in V1 3. Terminal S-wave in Lead I 4. Terminal s-wave in V6 |
| ECG criteria for wandering atrial pacemaker | Three or more consecutive p-waves with grossly different morphologies, with a ventricular rate under 100 bpm |
| Three possible appearances of junctional p-waves | 1. P-wave is inverted and precedes the QRS 2. P-wave is absent (hidden by the QRS) 3. P-wave is inverted and follows the QRS |
| RCA supplies blood to which part of the heart? | Inferior and Posterior parts of the left ventricle & the right ventricle |
| LAD supplies blood to which part of the heart? | intraventricular septum, anterior wall of the left ventricle |
| LCX supplies blood to which part of the heart? | Lateral wall of the Left ventricle |
| EKG signs of Ischemia | ST depression and Flipped T waves |
| EKG signs of Injury | ST elevation and flipped T waves |
| EKG signs of infarct | Q wave, ST elevation and flipped T waves |
| Angina | CP brought on by exertion, fixed by rest, nitro, lasts less than 15 minutes |
| Unstable Angina | CP longer than 15 minutes, Doesn't improve with rest, no EKG changes, Crescendo pattern, negative troponin |
| What EKG changes should occur with an Inferior stemi | ST Depression in AVL |
| IS Nitro safe for Inferior STemi or Right ventricular STEMI | Inferior |
Created by:
henrysmith5