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Exam 3
Hematology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Characterized by total bone marrow reduction in circulating levels of rbc , wbc , platelets. | Aplastic anemia |
| Laboratory findings: Caused by damage or destruction of the hemopoiectic tissue of the bone marrow that results in deficient production of blood cells | Aplastic anemia |
| a long-term decrease in red blood cells, typically caused by underlying conditions such as chronic diseases, nutritional deficiencies, or hereditary disorders. | Chronic anemia |
| This type of anemia is characterized by a sudden drop in red blood cell count, often due to acute blood loss from trauma, surgery, or severe illness. | Acute anemia |
| a blood disorder that happens when your bone marrow produces stem cells that make abnormally large red blood cells that causes defiency in folate and b12 | megaloblastic anemia |
| A group of anemias that present with macrocytes without megaloblastic features. Most often, non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemias are caused by: alcoholism, liver disease, bone marrow failure, and myelodysplastic syndromes | Non-megaloblastic macrocytosis |
| a multifactorial anemia. Diagnosis generally requires the presence of a chronic inflammatory condition, such as infection, autoimmune disease, kidney disease, or cancer. It is characterized by a microcytic or normocytic anemia and low reticulocyte count. | chronic blood loss anemia |
| Characterized by increased chromosome breakage in lymphocytes cultured with a DNA cross-linker .a rare inherited condition that primarily affects the bone marrow, leading to bone marrow failure and an increased risk of certain cancers. | Fanconi anemia |
| Characterized by proapoptotic hematopiesis , bone marrow failure ,low statue , birth defects | Diamond-blackfan anemia |
| measures how susceptible red blood cells are to rupture when exposed to varying concentrations of saline solution. This test is particularly useful in diagnosing conditions that affect the integrity of red blood cell membranes, such as hereditary spherocy | Osmotic fragility testing |
| Characterized by selective failure of rbc production. | pure red cell aplasia |
| most common characteristic seen in peripheral blood smears of all patients with hemoglobinopathy (Sickle cell anemia, Thalassemia, Hb C disease) | spherocytes. |
| rare inherited disorder, in which there is an error in a gene which provides instructions for the structure of red blood cells. This error makes red blood cells more sensitive to heat, so that the membrane breaks down more easily. | Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis |
| an inherited blood disorder characterized by the presence of abnormally shaped red blood cells, leading to potential hemolytic anemia | Hereditary Elliptocytosis |
| primarily an inherited condition affecting the red blood cell membrane, resulting in the formation of stomatocytes—RBCs with a slit-like central pallor. | Hereditary Stomatocytosis; |
| a rare genetic condition characterized by hemolytic anemia due to abnormal red blood cell hydration, often caused by mutations in the PIEZO1 gene. | Hereditary Xerocytosis |
| destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) within the blood vessels, leading to the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream, which can cause various clinical complications. | Intravascular hemolysis |
| possessing the alternate characteristics on a pair of homologous chromosomes | heterozygous |
| when genes for a trait on homologous chromosomes are the same | homozygous |
| The test that differentiates between megaloblastic anemia and non-megaloblastic macrocytosis is | the peripheral blood smear |
| rare blood disorder characterized by the immune system attacking and damaging red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as dark urine and hemolytic anemia. | . Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
| characterized by abnormal iron metabolism within red blood cell precursors. Refractory anemia is defined by the presence of many pathological ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. | sideroblastic anemia |
| common, painful complication of sickle cell disease. It happens when sickled cells build up in a blood vessel and cause a blockage. This blockage keeps oxygen-rich blood from reaching your tissues and organs, resulting in painful symptoms;Dizziness , Fati | Sickle Cell Crisis findings |
| inherited disorder of the globin chains that causes hemolysis and chronic organ damage | Sickle cell anemia |
| inherited blood disorders caused by mutations in the HBB gene, leading to abnormal hemoglobin production and various health complications. | Beta globin disorders |
| a group of genetic conditions caused by mutations in the alpha-globin genes, which are responsible for the production of alpha globin protein chains that make up hemoglobin. These disorders can lead to the production of fewer healthy hemoglobin proteins | Alpha-globin disorders |
| Cold type AIHA findings/characteristics | |
| occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced by the body. | Hemolytic disruption |
| measures the level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in your blood to diagnose G6PD deficiency, a genetic disorder affecting red blood cells. | G6PD deficiency |
| a term used to describe anemia associated with inflammation,chronic infection,malignancy | Anemias of inflammation/chronic disease |
| condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced, often due to external factors such as infections, medications, or autoimmune disorders. | Acquired Hemolytic Anemia |
| inherited blood disorder that limits your body’s ability to make beta-globin. Laboratory findings include decreased hemoglobin,hematocrit,rbc | beta thalassemia |
| is an inherited blood disorder that affects the body's ability to produce hemoglobin, which is essential for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. | Thalassemia |
| to a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced, leading to anemia. This type of anemia is not caused by the immune system attacking red blood cells but rather by various factors such as genetic disorders, infections, | Non-immune hemolytic disease |
| is primarily caused by the body's inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced in the stomach. This condition is often autoimmune, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the cells that produce intrinsic factor | Pernicious anemia |
| prematurecerthrocyte destruction initiated trapping cells in siniuses or liver. | Hemolytic Anemia |
| Characterized by smaller red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin content, often due to iron deficiency or thalassemia. | Microcytic Anemia |
| Involves larger red blood cells, typically associated with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. | Macrocytic Anemia |
| Red blood cells have normal size and hemoglobin content, indicating healthy erythropoiesis. | Normocytic Anemia |
| Variation in size among red blood cells, which can indicate heterogeneous red cell production. | Anisocytosis |
| Variation in shape, which may suggest various pathological conditions. These morphological changes can provide important clues for diagnosing underlying causes of anemia, such as liver disease, hemoglobinopathies, and bone marrow disorders | Poikilocytosis |
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