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Vett 113 wk 10
immunology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the immune system? | to protect animals against microbial invasion and it uses several mechanisms to recognize and destroy these foreign invaders. |
| List the organs and tissues of the immune system. | |
| List the cells involved in the immune response and their functions. | |
| List the first line of defense that the body uses to keep pathogens out of the body and the components of this defense. | The protective barriers of the skin and mucous membranes - physical/mechanical barrier of the skin but also chemicals, ie. hydrochloric acid of the stomach, enzymes in tears and others, and flushing action of tears, urine, and saliva |
| What is the function of the normal flora and why is it important? | outcompetes pathogenic organisms |
| What can alter the normal flora of the body? (think about this) | |
| Understand Innate Immunity and the cells that are involved. | |
| What cells are also called phagocytes? | |
| How do neutrophils destroy microbes? | |
| Understand Acquired Immunity and the cells involved. | |
| How does Innate differ from Acquired Immunity? | |
| What is the basic shape of an antibody and where do antigens attach? | |
| List the 5 different classes of immunoglobulins and their actions? | |
| Antigen | |
| Antibodies | |
| Phagocytosis | |
| Inflammation | |
| Innate Immunity | |
| Acquired Immunity | |
| Immunoglobulins | |
| Leukocytes | |
| Neutrophils | |
| Macrophages | |
| Monocytes | |
| Eosinophils | |
| Basophils | |
| Plasma Cells | |
| How is an animal protected against infectious diseases? | |
| Describe Passive immunity. | |
| Describe Active immunity. | |
| What occurs with the immune response when an animal is vaccinated for the first time? | |
| What occurs with the immune response when an animal receives a booster vaccination? | |
| Describe Maternal Immunization. How are the antibodies transferred in dogs and cats? | |
| What is colostrum and why is it important? | |
| What are the components of colostrum? | |
| Why is it important for a newborn animal to nurse frequently during the first 24 hours following birth? | |
| Why can’t a newborn animal absorb antibodies after about 24 hours after birth? | |
| Why do booster vaccinations create a higher level of serum antibodies? | |
| What is the “Window of Susceptibility”? | |
| Why are vaccinations given to young animals every 3-4 weeks until they are at least 12-16 weeks of age? | |
| lymphoid organs | The organs of your immune system are positioned throughout your body; they are home to lymphocytes--the white blood cells that are key operatives of the immune system |
| Bone marrow | the soft tissue in the hollow center of bones, is the ultimate source of all blood cells, including the immune cells |
| Thymus | An organ that lies behind the breastbone; lymphocytes known as T-lymphocytes, or just T cells, mature there |
| Spleen | A flattened organ at the upper left of the abdomen. Like the lymph nodes, the spleen contains specialized compartments where immune cells gather and confront antigens |
| In addition to these organs, clumps of lymphoid tissue are found in many parts of the body, especially in the linings of the digestive tract and the airways and lungs--gateways to the body | These tissues include the tonsils, adenoids, and appendix |
Created by:
shawamber