Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CAPP Unit 5
Cell Cycle & Communication
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| apoptosis | self-destruction of a cell |
| autocrine | a type os cell signaling where the signaling cell and target cell are the same cell |
| cell-to-cell communication | type of cell signaling where ligands travel between cells that are physically touching - ligands travel through gap junctions or plasmodesmata |
| centromere | the connection point of two sister chromatids |
| endocrine | a type of cell signaling where the ligand enters the blood stream and travels to several types of target cells |
| paracrine | a type of cell signaling where the ligand travels a short distance through the extracellular matrix - cells are not touching, ligands do not enter the bloodstream |
| diploid | a cell that has two copies of every chromosome, one from mom and one from dad - in humans 46 |
| G zero Phase | a resting phase that cells enter when not dividing - can be permanent or temporary |
| anaphase | the phase in mitosis where chromatids separate, begin to move to opposite ends of the cell, and are again called chromosomes |
| binary fission | type of cell division in bacteria that is similar to mitosis |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell that goes through growth, synthesis, and division of the DNA and cell into two daughter cells |
| checkpoint | a place in the cell cycle where chemical regulators check that the cell is healthy and DNA was replicated correctly |
| centriole | cell organelle that creates the spindle fibers to arrange and separate chromatids during mitosis |
| cyclin | a type of protein that regulates the cell cycle |
| p53 | a negative regulator, p53 stops the cell from dividing if mutations in DNA are detected |
| G1 phase | first gap or growth phase of interphases, the cell grows large in size, carries out cell processes, and makes more organelles |
| haploid | a cell that has one copy of each chromosome, sperm and egg cells are examples |
| histone | a type of protein that acts as a spool for DNA to wind around when chromatin condenses into chromosomes |
| homologous chromosome | one of a pair of similar chromosomes, containing the same genes though with slight variations. One homologous chromosome is inherited from mom, the other from dad |
| interphase | the longest phase of the cell cycle, contains G1, S, and G2 |
| metaphase | stage in mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| gamete | a sex cell |
| mitotic spindle | the fibers created by the centrioles that position, move, and separate the sister chromatids during mitosis |
| oncogene | a gene that creates a protein that causes cancer, either by failing to stop a defective cell from dividing, or by encouraging the cell to divide uncontrollably |
| S phase | synthesis phase, occurs during interphase, it is when the DNA is replicated so that there are 2 complete copies |
| telophase | stage in mitosis where the chromosome sets are at opposite ends of the cell, and the nuclear envelopes reform |
| prophase | the first stage in mitosis, where DNA (chromatin) condenses to form visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope disappears. |
| transduction | the carrying of a cell signal from the receptor to the responding enzyme, protein, or DNA |
| quorum sensing | a type of cell signaling in bacteria where bacteria cells respond to the population density surrounding them |
| G2 phase | the second gap or growth phase in interphase - the cell grows a bit more, and creates proteins and supplies needed for mitosis |
| gene | a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein |
| genome | all of the genes that a particular species of organisms has |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
RoarTee