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RE Ch. 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a type of generalized seizure in which there are minimal or no movements; the person may appear to have a blank stare; also known as a petit mal or nonconvulsive seizure | absence seizure |
| the first stage of a generalized seizure, during which the person experiences perceptual disturbances, often visual or olfactory in nature; sense something unusual | aura phase |
| the second phase of a generalized seizure, during which a person becomes unresponsive and muscles become rigid | tonic phase |
| the third phase of a generalized seizure, during which the person experiences the seizure itself; uncontrollable muscular contractions (convulsions) | clonic phase |
| a type of partial seizure in which the person may experience an altered mental status or be unresponsive | complex partial seizure |
| the fourth and final phase of a generalized seizure, during which the person becomes extremely fatigued; diminished responsiveness with gradual recovery and confusion; confusion, want to sleep | post-ictal phase |
| a disease in which there are high levels of blood glucose due to defects in insulin production, insulin action or both | diabetes |
| a situation in which a person becomes ill because of an imbalance of insulin and sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream | diabetic emergency |
| a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures | epilepsy |
| temporary loss of consciousness caused temp insufficient blood flow to the brain (syncope, blacking out or passing out) | fainting |
| seizure activity brought by a rapid increase or spike in body temperature in a young child or an infant | febrile seizures |
| a seizure that affects most or all of the brain | generalized tonic-clonic seizure |
| a simple sugar that is the primary source of energy for the body's tissues | glucose |
| a type of generalized seizure that involves whole-body contractions with loss of consciousness | grand mal seizure |
| a condition in which too much sugar (glucose) is in the bloodstream, resulting in higher than normal blood glucose levels; also known as high blood glucose | hyperglycemia |
| a condition in which too little sugar (glucose) is in the bloodstream, resulting in lower than normal blood glucose levels; also known as low blood glucose | hypoglycemia |
| a hormone produced by the pancreas to help glucose move into cells; in persons with diabetes, it may not be produced at all or may not be produced in sufficient amounts | insulin |
| a seizure that affects only part of the brain; may be simple or complex | partial seizure |
| a seizure in which a specific body part experiences muscle contractions; does not affect memory or awareness | simple partial seizure |
| a disruption of blood flow to part of the brain that may cause permanent damage to brain tissue (obstruction (a clot) or by bleeding in the brain) | stroke |
| a condition that produces stroke-like symptoms but causes no permanent damage; may be a precursor to a stroke; sometimes called a mini-stroke; caused by disruption in blood flow | transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
| having a rapid and severe onset, then quickly subsiding | acute |
| persistent over a long period of time | chronic |
| signs and symptoms of sudden illness (p1) | changes in levels of consciousness (drowsiness, confusion, unresponsiveness), numbness, tingling, light-headedness, dizziness or giddiness, breathing problems (trouble breathing or no breathing), signs and symptoms of a possible heart attack |
| signs and symptoms of sudden illness (p2) | signs and symptoms of stroke, loss of vision or blurred vision, signs of shock, sweating, persistent abdominal pain or pressure, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramping, seizures |
| care for sudden illness: after checking the scene and then the person for any LTCs, (p1) | Do no further harm, monitor the person's LOC and breathing, help the person rest in a comfortable position or the position recommended for a specific condition |
| care for sudden illness (p2) | keep the person form getting chilled or overheated, comfort and reassure the person, but do not give false hope, give any specific care as needed |
| signs and symptoms of fainting | pale, ashen, cool, or moist skin, sweating, unresponsive, collapsing, rapid or irregular heartbeat, lightheaded/dizzy, clammy |
| care for fainting: if you can reach a person as they start to collapse, | lower them to the ground or other flat surface |
| caring for fainted person (p1): position the person on their ____, raise their legs 12 inches or more with a pillow or folded clothing if ____ | back, there is no evidence of injury and the movement does not cause pain, |
| care for fainted person (p2): loosen ____, check for ____, and _____ if they vomit | any tight clothing, breathing, roll them onto their side in a recovery position |
| If you are unsure of the person's condition once they gain responsiveness, or if they complain of continued light-headedness, palpitations or chest, or if moving is painful for the person, | keep them lying flat and call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. |
| childhood, occurs when body produces little or no insulin; frequent urination, increased hunger and thirst, unexpected weight loss, irritability, weakness and fatigue | type 1 diabetes |
| most common in adults and children, body doesn't produce enough insulin to meet body's needs or body becomes resistant to the insulin it produces | type 2 diabetes |
| signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes | signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes, frequent infections, especially involving the skin, gums and bladder, blurred vision, numbness in legs, feet and fingers, cuts or bruises that are slow to heal, itching |
| an accumulation of organic acids and ketones (waste products) in the blood; occurs when there is inadequate insulin and high blood sugar levels; flushed, hot dry skin, sweet, fruity breath odor, restless, agitation | diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) |
| a life-threatening complication of diabetes in which very high blood sugar causes the person to become unresponsive | diabetic coma |
| blood sugar level can become too low if the diabetic person: | takes too much insulin, fails to eat adequately, or due to sudden illness cannot keep food or liquids down, over-exercises and burns off sugar faster than normal, experiences great emotional stress |
| a life-threatening condition in which too much insulin is in the bloodstream | insulin shock |
| signs and symptoms of diabetic emergencies | changes in LOC, changes in mood, irregular breathing, feeling and looking ill, abnormal skin appearance, dizziness and headache, confusion |
| care for diabetic emergencies: if the diabetic person is awake, can follow simple commands, is able to swallow and advises you that they need sugar, | give 15 to 20 g of sugar (3 t0 4 glucose tablets), a handful of candies (sucrose or glucose), 8 ounces of milk, a non-diet soft drink, fruit sips or 4 to 5 tp of table sugar dissolved in a glass of water or juice |
| if the problem is hyperglycemia (too much sugar in the body), | this amount of sugar will not cause immediate harm |
| If symptoms persist for more than 10 to 15 minutes, | repeat the administration of sugar and call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number |
| always call 9-1-1 or the DE# if | the person's unresponsive and breathing normally or responsive but not fully awake, unable to swallow or follow simple commands, does not feel better within 10 to 15 min after taking some form of sugar, you cannot find any form of sugar immediately |
| normal brain functions disrupted by injury, disease, fever, infection, metabolic disturbances or conditions decreasing O2 level; abnormal electrical activity in brain, temp involuntary changes in body movement, function, sensation, awareness or behavior | seizure |
| an unusual sensation or feeling that may signal the onset of a seizure in some people (strange sound, taste or smell, or an urgent need to get to safety | aura |
| signs and symptoms of grand mal seizures | unresponsiveness, rigidness, sudden, uncontrollable muscular contractions (convulsions, irregular breathing or no breathing, drooling, eyes rolled upward, loss of bladder or bowel control |
| allow the seizure to run its course, because | attempting to stop it or restrain the person can cause musculoskeletal injuries |
| care for seizures | never place anything in mouth, do not try to stop seizure, protect victim during seizure, place victim in recovery position after seizure, call EMS for rep. seizures, injury, first seizure, or fails to regain consciousness |
| an epileptic seizure (or repeated seizures) that lasts longer than 5 minutes without any sign of slowing down; should be considered life threatening and requires advanced medical care | status epilepticus |
| seek advanced medical care if | first seizure, lasts longer than 5 min, injury, uncertain cause, diabetic, child or infant experiencing febrile seizure, pregnant, in water, older and stroke |
| causes of stroke | blood clot in arteries and bleeding from ruptured artery in brain |
| a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel and remains there, slowing the flow of blood and depriving tissues of normal blood flow and oxygen | thrombus |
| a sudden blockage of a blood vessel by a traveling clot or other material, such as fat or air, that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a blood veseel | embolus |
| an abnormal bulging of an artery due to weakness in the blood vessel; may occur in the aorta (main artery of the heart), brain, leg or other location | aneurysm |
| number one risk factor for stroke | uncontrolled high blood pressure |
| preventing stroke | control BP, control diabetes, do not smoke, avoid secondhand smoke, eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly |
| signs and symptoms of stroke | facial droop or drooling, weakness or numbness of face, arm or leg, trouble with speech, loss of vision or disturbed vision, sudden severe headache , dizziness, confusion, agitation, unresponsiveness, |
| ask the person to smile. is there weakness or drooping on one side of the face? | face |
| ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward, or appear to be weak? | Arm |
| ask the person to repeat a simple sentence. Does the person have trouble speaking, or is their speech slurred? | speech |
| if the person has trouble performing any of these actions or shows any other signs and symptoms of a stroke, | note the time they started and call 9-1-1 or the DE# immediately. |
| care for a stroke | note time of onset signs and symptoms, maintain open airway, care for any LTCs, if person is awake, check for NLTCs, offer comfort and reassurance, have person rest in comfortable position, do not give them anything to eat or drink |
Created by:
alumesi