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UNIT 3, CHPT 11

CHAPTER 11.1

QuestionAnswer
what is a character? an observable and heritable feature
what is a trait? one or more detectable variants in a genetic character
what is true breeding? organisms that produce offspring of the same variety
what is hybridization? mating/crossing of 2 true-breeding varieties
what is the P generation? the parental generation
what is the F1 generation? the first hybrid offspring coming from the P generation
what is the F2 generation? the offspring resulting from the F1 generation
what are alleles? any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects
what is a dominant allele? an allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterzygote
what is a recessive allele? an allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote
what is the law of segregation? when two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes during gamete formation
what is a homozygote? an organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a gene
what is homozygous? having two identical alleles for a given gene
what is a heterozygote? an organism that has two different alleles for a gene
what is heterozygous? having two different alleles for a given gene
what is a phenotype? observable physical and physiological traits of an organism that are determined by its genetic makeup
what is a genotype? the genetic makeup of an organism
what is a testcross? breeding an organism that has an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
what are monohybrids? organisms that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest
what is a monohybrid cross? a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being followed
what are dihybrids? organisms that are heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest
what is a dihybrid cross? a cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characters being followed
what is the independent law of assortment? each pair of allele segregates or assorts independently of each other during gamete formation
Created by: SuperBugLover
 

 



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