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Chapter 15 BNA
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absorption | the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells. |
| anatomy | the study of body structure |
| biology | the study of all life forms |
| body systems | groups of organs that perform specific functions in the human body. |
| bowel elimination | the physical process of releasing or emptying the colon or large intestine of solid waste, called stool or feces. |
| cells | the basic structural units of all organisms |
| chyme | semi liquid substance made as a result of the chemical breakdown of food in the stomach. |
| colon | the large intestine |
| colostomy | surgically created opening through the abdominal wall into the large intestine to allow feces to be expelled |
| constipation | the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, different, and often painful elimination of hard dry stool. |
| Crohn's disease | a disease that causes the lining of the digestive tract to become inflamed (red, sore, and swollen). |
| defecation | the process of eliminating feces from the rectum through the anus |
| diarrhea | frequent elimination of liquid or semi-liquid feces |
| digestion | the process of converting food so that it can be absorbed into the blood and used by body tissues |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of sacs that develop in the wall of the large intestine due to diverticulitis |
| diverticulosis | a disorder in which sac-like pouching develop in weakened areas of the wall of the large intestine (colon). |
| duodenum | the first part of the small intestine where the common bite duct enters the small intestine. |
| electrolytes | chemical substances that are essential to maintaining fluid balance and homeostasis in the body |
| elimination | the process of expelling wastes |
| enema | a specific amount of water or other fluid, with or without an additive, introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool. |
| fecal impaction | a mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed int he rectum and cannot be expelled |
| fecal impaction | a mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in the rectum and cannot be expelled |
| fecal incontinence | an inability to control the muscles of the bowels, which leads to an involuntary passage of stool or gas. |
| feces | solid body waste excreted through the anus from the large intestine; also called stool |
| flatulence | air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum; also called gas or flatus |
| fracture pan | a bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan; used for small or thin people or those who cannot lift their buttocks onto a standard bedpan. |
| gastrointestinal reflex disease | a chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus |
| gastrointestinal tract | a continuous tube from the opening of the mouth all the way to the anus, where solid wastes are eliminated from the body. |
| heartburn | a condition that results from a weakening of the sphincter muscle that joins the esophagus and the stomach; also known as acid reflex. |
| hemorrhoids | enlarged veins in the rectum that can cause itching, burning, pain, and bleeding. |
| homeostasis | the condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and are working at their best |
| ileostomy | surgically created opening into the end of the small intestine, the ileum, to allow feces to be expelled. |
| ingestion | the process of taking food or fluids into the body |
| irritable bowel syndrome | a chronic condition of the large intestine that is worsened by stress |
| jaundice | a condition in which the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes appear yellow. |
| malabsorption | a condition in which the body cannot absorb or digest a particular nutrient properly |
| occult | hidden |
| organ | a structural unit in the human body that performs a specific function |
| ostomy | surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside |
| pathophysiology | the study of how body parts function |
| peristalsis | muscular contractions that push food through the gastrointestinal tract |
| physiology | the study of how body parts function |
| portable commode | a chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath that is used for elimination; also called bedside commode |
| rectal suppository | a medication in a cylindrical shape that is given rectally to cause a bowel movement |
| specimen |
Created by:
smitkay27