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1.2 Muscles

TermDefinition
tendon A strong, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
skeletal muscle voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones that allows body movement
cardiac muscle involuntary, striated muscle found only in the heart; beats rhythmically
smooth muscle involuntary, non-striated muscle in organs
sarcomere where muscle contraction occurs, functional unit inside myofibrils
sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions
calcium ions (Ca^+2) bind to troponin to initiate muscle contraction
Actin filaments Thin protein filaments in the sarcomere, myosin pulls on actin during contraction
Myosin filaments Thick protein filaments that attach to actin to pull and shorten the muscle
Troponin protein on actin filaments that binds calcium ions, causing tropomyosin to move
Tropomyosin protein that covers binding sites on actin and prevents myosin from attaching until calcium binds to troponin
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) main energy source of the cell
Endomysium wraps each muscle fiber
Perimysium wraps around each fascicle
Myofibril protein filaments inside each muscle fiber
Fascicle bundle of muscle fibers
Epimysium surrounds whole muscle
Muscle Fiber / Cell individual muscle cell
Muscles must have at least 2 points of attachment
Insertion attachment that moves
Origin attachment that does not move
Muscles must cross at least 1 joint
Flexor decreases joint angle
extensor increases joint angle
Muscles can only pull / contract to get shorter. they do not push
Macroscopic striations show the direction of muscle contraction muscle fibers shorten along the striation lines
Muscle Fatigue inability of a muscle to continue contracting due to lack of ATP, buildup of lactic acid, or limited oxygen
Electromyogram (EMG) test that measures electrical activity in muscles to show contraction strength and muscle function
Tetany sustained, continuous muscle contraction caused by rapid repeated stimulation
Created by: user-1898537
 

 



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