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Bio Unit 2 Test

Macromolecules, Cells, Transport Study Guide

TermDefinition
trade offs lose something to gain something else
carbohydrates macromolecules for fast/quick energy monomer - monosaccharide (glucose) polymer - polysaccharide (glycogen, starch)
lipids macromolecule for energy storage and cell membranes monomer: fatty acid polymer: Triglyceride
protein macromolecule that does A LOT of different jobs monomer: amino acid polymer: polypeptide
nucleic acids macromolecule never used for energy. It is genetic material. monomer: nucleotide polymer: DNA or RNA
Cell Theory all living things are made of cells all cells come from other cells cells are the most basic unit of life
prokaryote simple unicellular organisms without a nucleus
eukaryote more complex organisms whose cells have a nucleus and organelles
nucleus contains the DNA of a cell
chloroplast captures light energy for photosynthesis (only in plants)
mitochondria makes ATP energy from sugar by doing cellular respiration
ribosome makes proteins
vacuole storage of water and other things in the cell
cytoplasm jelly like material that fills the cell
cell membrane controls what comes in and goes out of the cell
cell wall gives plant cells stability and structure (not in animals)
phospholipid bilayer the double lipid layer that makes up the cell membrane
unicellular one cell
mulitcellular many cells
organelles structures in the cell that do jobs in the cell
homeostasis an organism needs to keep everything stable inside
equilibrium a balance
solute what is being dissolved
solvent a liquid that is dissolving something else
concentration how much stuff is in a solvent (think: how strong is the lemonade?)
feedback mechanisms negative: a change that makes the system stable again positive: a change that causes a bigger response
selectively permeable the cell membrane only lets certain molecules through
passive transport something that can go through the cell membrane without any effort
active transport when something needs to use ATP energy to go in/out of the cell
osmosis the movement of water from high concentration to low concentration
hypertonic when the concentration of water is greater in the cell, so some rushes out and makes the cell shrivel
isotonic when the concentration of water in and out of the cell is equal and it is stable
hypotonic when the concentration of water is greater outside of the cell, so some rushes in and makes the cell expand and maybe pop
endocytosis when a cell absorbs something (endo=in) by wrapping around it
exocytosis when a cell lets something out (exo=out)
Created by: mharms
 

 



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