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Special Joints

TermDefinition
Knees 1 Femur, patella, tibia, and femur, most complex joint of the body, along with ligaments and tendons, and at least 12 bursae.
Knees 2 Contains pads/meniscus made out of fibrocartilage for shock absorption
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Prevents the tibia (shinbone) from sliding forward on the femur (thighbone)
How to fix ACL Reflect patella, harvest tendon and use as a ligament, tibia up to femur.
Replacing a Knee Saw off the femur and tibia, tie to replacement ACL and PCL, metal starts to degrade and deposit fragments into bone
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Prevents the tibia from sliding backward on the femur.
PCL and ACL Provide stability, however cannot move side to side.
Collateral ligaments (lateral and medial) Provide stability to the knee joint by preventing excessive sideways motion and keeping the leg bones aligned
Elbows Stable since the humerus has a trochlea and the ulna has an olecranon process that has a built in patella preventing the elbow from going the wrong way. Elbow is not designed for weight bearing and have associated bursae.
Hip (coxal) Head of the femur goes into the acetabulum which is very stable. Labrum ring of tough, flexible cartilage that lines the hip joints in the acetabulum. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments to keep in place. Bad hips are bumpy, saw femur -> rep. head and ace.
Temporal Mandibular Mandibular condyle, condyloid joint, no good socket, against gravity, and easy to dislocate.
Sprain Over stretch or torn ligament/tendon which have bad blood supply.
Cartilage tears Due to stress usually in articular hyaline cartilage
Dislocations (luxation) Completely out of place
Subluxation Partially out of place
Bursitis Bursae inflamed, tennis elbow, runner's knee
Tendonitis Tendon sheath inflamed
Osteoarthritis Bone joint inflammation, common in older individuals
Rheumatoid Autoimmune, common in pregnant women, and has to do with suppression of immune system.
Gouty Uric acid, found in kidney and urine, crystalizes and carried by blood into joints, specifically the hallux/big toe. Common in men, alcoholics, and those who eat fatty foods.
Lyme Disease Caused by ticks, mimics osteoarthritis.
Created by: nuhaSalim
 

 



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