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social studies
| In what ways did the colonists exercise control in their local governments and courts? | the colonists exercised control through their assemblies, in which they could vote and had a voice |
| What were the Navigation Acts, and how did they affect the colonies? | the navigation acts were laws that supported mercantilism and forced colonists to only sell key products to england, to ship goods in ships made in england, and have shipments from europe to the colonies go through england first |
| What were some of the colonial trade networks? | Middle passage and triangular trade |
| What was life like for enslaved Africans during the Middle Passage? | horrible, cramped, hot, and filled with disease |
| How did climate and geography affect each colonial region’s economy? | the southern colonies were more suited for farming, so they got much of their money from cash crops. the middle colonies got money from staple crops and industry. new england got money from fishing and shipbuilding and also the slave trade |
| What was the labor source in each region, and why did it develop differently from those in those the other regions? | the labor source in many of the colonies was slaves, but as time went on, slaves were less used in the north and might be hired or buy their own freedom, but in the south, they needed slaves to work on plantations so slavery was much higher there |
| How did Locke’s idea of natural rights challenge the power of the monarchy? | the idea of natural right challenged the idea of divine right, and made it so that the people had the right to overthrow the government and that people can change their government |
| What was education like in the colonies? | education in the colonies was really only given to boys, but some girls got to go to school. elementary schools taught religion, reading, writing and arithmetic and grammar schools were like modern high schools, to prepare kids for college |
| What contributions did colonial scientists and writers make to American culture? | they influenced american culture immmensely and shaped the world as we know it through both literature, such as almanacs, and inventions and scientific findings |
| What was the message of the Great awakening? | people needed to examine their lives and commit themselves to god |
| How did colonists respond to the Great Awakening? | people were given hope and the colonial regions were brought together |
| How did the Great Awakening affect society and politics? | the great awakening caused society to become more unified, and it reinforced democratic ideas |
| English Bill of Rights | a law that established specific rights for citizens |
| exports | goods sold to other countries |
| imports | goods brought in from other countries |
| bicameral legislature | a lawmaking body made up of two houses or groups |
| house of Burgesses | colonial assembly house where members are elected by colonists to represent Virginia |
| libel | publishing statements that damage a person's reputation (must be untrue) |
| mercantilism | the practice of creating and maintaining wealth by carefully controlling trade |
| Navigation Acts | required trade with England and set duties (taxes on imports) |
| duties | taxes on imports |
| free enterprise | economic competition with little government control |
| John Peter Zenger | arrested for publishing a story critical of the Royal governor of New York |
| balance of trade | when a nation exports more than it imports |
| middle passage | voyage that brought enslaved Africans to North America and the West Indies |
| triangular trade | trading networks in which goods and slaves moved among England, the colonies and West Africa |
| cash crops | crops that are sold for profit (tobacco, rice, indigo) |
| slave codes | laws used to control slaves |
| apprentices | a young boy who learned skilled trade |
| staple crops | crops that are always in demand (wheat, barley, oats) |
| David Rittenhouse | constructed the first telescope to be made in America to observe the Transit of Venus in 1769. He also constructed orreries or "mechanical planetariums" |
| Benjamin Franklin | elder statesman of the revolution and oldest signer of both the Declaration and the Constitution. He won international renown as a print-publisher, author, philosopher, scientist, inventor, and philanthropist |
| Enlightenment | movement that emphasized using reason and logic to study human nature |
| Benjamin Banneker | known as America's first African American man of Science, he wrote and published an almanac. He was appointed by George Washington to be part of a three man planning team to survey the future District of Columbia. |
| revivals | emotional gathering where people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith |
| John Locke | a philosopher who believed that everyone should have their own rights in life, liberty, and property that no government can take away |
| Great Awakening | a religious movement that held the idea that all people are born sinners |
| Jonathan Edwards | delivered dramatic sermons urging sinners to seek forgiveness for their sins or face punishment in Hell forever |
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