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Chem Test
Periodic Table
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| groups | column going down table |
| periods | rows going across the table |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | developed the periodic table because he found that there was a repeat in properties every 8 elements |
| metals | few valence electrons (electrons in outermost principal energy level), form positive ions by losing electrons (ion becomes smaller than atom) PILES |
| metals | good conductors, malleable, ductile and have a luster, low ionization energies and low electronegativities, all solid at room temperature except mercury (Hg) which is a liquid |
| nonmetals | more than 4 valence electrons, for negative ions by gaining electrons (ion becomes bigger than atom) NIGEL, poor conductors, insulators, brittle, dull |
| nonmetals | high ionization energies and high electronegativities, all phases of matter: Liquid: Bromine (Br2), Gases: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2 and noble gases |
| metalloids (semimetals) | on the staircase, exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te) |
| period | electrons in the same principal energy level, valence electrons increase from 1 to 8, character of elements changes from metal to metalloid to nonmetal |
| group | similar chemical properties due to a same number of valence electrons, increase in the number of occupied principal energy levels, for the same monotomic ion cage and compounds with the same general formula, elements get more metallic down this |
| alkali metals | group 1, most reactive metals only found naturally in stable compounds, elements can be obtained by electrolysis of their fused salts |
| alkaline earth metals | also very reactive and only found naturally in compounds, slightly less reactive than alkali metals |
| group 15 | contains diatomic nitrogen (N2) which contains a triple bond, contain nonmetals (N, P), metalloids (As, Sb), metals (Bi) |
| group 16 | contain diatomic oxygen (O2) which has a double bond, Polonium (Po) has no stable isotopes (all radioactive) |
| halogens | group 17, most reactive nonmetals only found in compounds, gases (F2, Cl2, liquid (Br2), solids (I2, At) |
| noble (inert) gases | group 18, exist uncombined in nature (monatomic gas molecules), end in a completely, filled principal energy level, very unreactive (only the heavier gases can react with fluorine ) |
| transition elements | groups 3-12, filling an inner d-sublevel, react with two outermost principal energy levels, can form more than one type of binary compound, compounds and ions tend to be colored |
| ionization energy (Table S) | the amount of energy required to move the most loosely bound electron from an atom, increases across a period due to increased nuclear charge (# of protons), decreases down a group due to increased # of principal energy levels |
| electronegativity (Table S) | the ability of an atom to attract an electron within a bond to another atom, increases across a period due to increased nuclear charge (# of protons), decreases down a group due to increased # principal energy levels |
| atomic radius (Table S) | half the distance between two adjacent nuclei of an element in the solid state, decreases across a period due to increased nuclear charge (#protons), increases down a group due to increased # of shells |
| atomic radius (Table S) | ionic radius change sin size, metal ions get smaller (PILES), nonmetal ions get larger (NIGEL) |
| lower left | most reactive metals in ___ ___ (easiest to lose electrons, Fr) |
| upper right | most reactive nonmetals are in _______ (easiest to gain electrons, F) |
| noble gases | least reactive elements, filled principle energy levels |
Created by:
27fierteko