Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Geography of US 2
Exam 2 for Geography of the US
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Ozarks | Northern Arkansa and Southern Missouri Plateau landscape. |
| Arkansas River Valley | In between the Ozarks and Ouchita Mountains |
| Springfield Missouri | Largest city in the Ozark Plateau landscape. (still not very populated bc its a high plateau). |
| Fort Smith Arkansas | On one edge of the Arkansas river valley, originally a fort during Westward US settlement. Eventually outcompeted for Westward expansion bc Oklahoma became Indian only land for a long time which blocked travelers. |
| Bedrock of Ozarks | Limestone, so formation of caves is common. Geothermal activity is present, making hot springs. This created spa culture and early forms of tourism to the region. |
| Slave States | Missouri and Arkansas, people migrated here from Tennessee bringing their slave culture with them. Many important plantations were located in Arkansas, not so much in Missouri. So bc of this Arkansas joined the Confederacy while Missouri didn't. |
| Arkansas and Missouri specialties | Raised broiler chickens because of the limited agricultural potential, this was more common in Arkansas. Raising of chickens was done by small farmers under contract of big farms. |
| Ozark Economy today | A place for Retirement and outdoor recreation. Dams formed many for the region and the low cost of living draws in many retirees in the middle income bracket. It also has 4 seasons with a mild climate. |
| Branson Missouri | Started as a Country music entertainment center. Today has expanded to family oriented shopping and entertainment. |
| Benton-Ville Arkansas | Walmart headquarters, which giver low prices to rural America so the headquarters being here has pumped a lot of money into the local area and seen large investment. |
| The Atlantic South, VA, NC, SC, GA | Lower elevation coastal plains lowlands. More extensive plantation history, so a larger African American population is present. Larger growing season and warmer which was good for cotton. |
| Piedmont | Technologically an extension of the Appalachian mountains, but has been worn down into a slightly higher area of elevation than coastal plains. Has both redwater rivers and Blackwater rivers. |
| Redwater river | They are colored red from red clayey piedmont sediment. |
| Blackwater river | Low lying dark swampy areas with darker sediments. |
| Fall line | Has two hearths (where people started out or are more clustered) these are Tidewater Virginia and South Carolina Low Country. |
| Williamsburg Virginia | Today has become a tourist area with an outdoor museum to show their colonial times. |
| Chesapeake Bay | Is the largest estuary in the US, was a former river valley that is now inundated by Ocean. |
| Planter Aristocracy | A Wealthy class created by Tobacco, George Washington is an example of this. Was part of the triangular trade routes routes Raw materials like tobacco left the US for Europe. |
| Atlantic south plantation locations and city size | Not a lot of need for large cities because it had a bunch of somewhat self sustaining plantations on the Coast with their own wharfs for shipping and receiving. |
| Different Tobacco Types | Air cured: multiple uses Fire Cured: snuff, chewing tobacco Flue cured: bright, "light" tobacco used for cigarettes. |
| Kentucky and North Carolina | Dominate the current day Tobacco industry. |
| Bulk barns | replace local farmers methods of curing tobacco and industrialize it, upscaling it. |
| Charlotte NC | One of the fastest growing cities due to the large banking industry there. |
| Raleigh-Duram NC | City known for high tech medical research industries because of the Universities in the region. |
| Atlanta GA | Largest city in the Southeast, became a strategic location just South of the Appalachian Mountains after the railroads were built. |
| The Informal Capital of the South | Atlanta GA became a railroad hub connecting the South and West. Has many company hubs there today, and became the informal capital of the South bc of that. |
| Coastal Plain | Contains the barrier islands, particularly in the Outer Banks. |
| Barrier Islands | Were Ancient coastlines in the past, then the ice age ended rising the sea level, so this coastline was seperated from the new one. These sand barriers were formed as long strips of beach that are slightly elevated with some veg. A lot on Texas Coast. |
| Great Dismal Swamp | Swamp area on the coast of Virginia, largest area of wetlands near the Atlantic Coast. |
| Norfolk | Multi-cultured Urban area near the Great Dismal Swamp. One of the largest Ports for shipping containers and Naval institutions on the East Coast. |
| Difference between outer and inner coastal plains. | Outer coastal plains are flat with sandy soil and pines. Inner coastal plains have better agriculture-hog production, cotton and soybeans. |
| Sea Island Region | ("low country" in SC). Small islands located close to the coast, have resort houses while others are uninhabited. Became historically important for early settlement because of its long growing season for diff types of plants still based on slave labor. |
| Origin of West African rice in the US | In the Sea Island Region, Charleston SC became an important slave port because of the large amount of slaves used in the region. Slaves knew how to grow this rice and brought their wet cultivation practices with them. Flood to grow then drain for harvest. |
| Indigo | Blue dye plant (before industrial production of paint). Was grown a bit further inland in SC comapred to the rice fields. Went out of style fairly quickly and dint amount to major plantation agriculture. |
| Sea Island Cotton | Began the cotton South as a staple for the rest. Long staple fiber that produced high quality fabric, but coudlnt be grown inland bc of long required growing season. |
| Malaria | Prevalent in the Sea Island region and was widespread, but shrank bc of DDT and draining of the wetlands. Because of the malaria here plantation owners wouldn't live on the plantation but in Coastal Cities like Charleston SC or Savannah GA. |
| Charleston Sc and Savannah GA | Populated by rich plantation owners using these cities for their second home away from their Sea Island Plantations. This skewed the population towards the upper class. |
| Savannah GA | Green neighborhood squares and Grand buildings. Thriving before the civil war but lost much of their agricultural significance after. Currently has seen another Boom bc of "high quality of life", Companies choose it for the beauty and warm climate. |
| African American Island Population | Africans were left behind on the Sea Islands bc of the undesirable land. They then became small farmers on these isolated islands. This developed a unique culture known for the Gullan dialect. |
| Gullan Dialect | African slaves left behind on the Sea Islands formed their own "Creole" dialect from English. Grammar and spelling is a little different than regular English, they didn't have school so they blended their native Creole language with English. |
| Sea Islands Now | Black Population was displaced because this area was started to be seen as desirable. Then turned into resorts by the State of Georgia after rich people built mansions then left. |
| Cotton Gin | Helped seperate short staple cotton so it began to be used inland to grow this short staple crop. No longer needed to grow the long staple cotton on the Coast. This opened the Piedmont to growing cotton which had a shorter growing season. |
| Miami Florida | Large migration here from Cuba, drew immigrants from the North bc of the climate as soon as the railroad was built. |
| Orlando Florida | Central Florida began to boom later in time, Disney is a big driver of central Florida tourism. |
| West Coast of Florida | Marshy coastal, slower development than the East Coast bc of this. |
| Tampa Florida | Early coastal industrial goods location for shipping, processing of phosphates from central Florida for fertilizers. Cigar production was also here bc of Cuban immigrants. |
| Ybor City | Neighborhood with high Cuban migrant population. Historical buildings, many immigrant backgrounds came for early industrial work. |
| Florida Population Now | Based on selective migration, very large population of retirees. More Central Florida migration now bc its cheaper than the high cost coastal living. Many Canals have been built on housing developments bc of waterfront property culture. |
| Florida Karst Landscape | Dominated by limestone deposits common in central Florida. Caverns and caves as well as aquifers and underground rivers are common. Also many springs bc of the limestone as well. |
| Mangroves | Coastal Wetland swamp. Semi-aquatic tree species. These areas aren't easy for development and are protected so Southwestern Florida, where these are located, is less developed. |
| Cypress Swamps | Some shallow swampy areas with dry areas. The trees send root systems both above and below the water level. Common in South Florida. |
| Marsh-grass Swamp | Ex: the Everglades. Has been dramatically altered for agriculture. These act as flood buffers and water supplies. Lake Okeechobee used to overflow to from large swaths of this land but has been damned and leveed so not anymore. Farmland is now there. |
| Florida Sugar Cane | Crops and the drainage of wetlands compact the ground, sugar fields are cleared by burning them which also reduces air quality for the region. |
| Florida Agriculture | Grows winter vegetables for the US bc of the weather. cattle lands North of Okeechobee. Oranges are in the well drained hilly areas of the State. Railroads made the produce able to be shipped to the rest of the US. |
| The Deep South | From the panhandle of Florida to East Texas. |
| Mobile Alabama | Has a port in a bay protected from the Ocean. Cotton and slave market. Trade with South America was important here and still is. Shipping of iron was important as well as fishing. |
| "The Piney Woods" | Large swaths of area more inland of the Deep South, particularly areas of East Texas. Important for forestry industry today still. Relatively open understory due to Native American management. Good for Resin, varnishes, glues, adhesives and turpentine. |
| Country Blues | Accoustic sad somewhat improvised songs in local "juke joints". Began in Mississippi and migrated with people Northward to other States like Chicago. In Chicago it became electrified into City Blues. |
| Highway 61 | Runs North in South in the Mississippi delta, path of migration and was included in songs as a way to escape the hardships of sharecropping. |
| 61 and 49 crossing | Famous crossroads that people believe you could sell your soul to the devil to play guitar really well. |
| Mississippi Delta Today | Neo(New Form)-Plantations, huge large scale highly mechanized plots monocrops. Needs less workers so less workers which means the area has seen population decline for decades. Production of Catfish is a big industry there now. |
| New Orleans City (The Crescent City) | Built where it was bc it was the most solid land found near the mouth of the Mississippi. Oldest part of the city is the French Quarters but it is more Spanish architecture after they took over and rebuilt the burnt buildings. |
| New Orleans Burying Practices | This draws tourism since people are buried above ground bc of the high water table due to the city being under sea level. |
| New Orleans Trading | Mainly a trading and shipping city bc of it being on the mouth of the Mississippi. Today it has a famous tourist scene bc the hybrid culture between Caribbean and US culture. Not much economic growth in a long time since the railroads were built. |
| Wetlands Shrinkage | All the sediment flushed south and deposited at the Mississippi delta is very diminished bc we are forcing the River away from its natural path straight South. This would be devastating for New Orleans. Wetlands shrink as land subsides (no new sediments). |
| Louisiana Sugar Cane Plantations | From French Caribbean connection in South Louisiana, grown here bc French brought sugar cane from the Carribean, slave based agriculture early on. What is now cancer alley was where the sugar cane was grown. |
| Creole | Descendants of non-anglo settlers (mainly Francophone). |
| Cajuns | Descendants from Arcadians of French Canada, rural Southwest LA in the bayou area. Small farmer, non affluent. Frontiersmen, get around on pirogue boats (canoe) through the shallow bayou water. |
| Cajun music | derived from french folk music, improvised instruments, high pitched vocals and French words mixed in, |
| New Orleans French Quarters (Vieux Carre) | Center of the city, originally French design but burnt and rebuilt by the Spanish-Ironwork, Stucco, Pastel colors. |
| Quick decline of New Orleans | Railroads led to the decline of New Orleans which led to cheap rent and artistic community with a unique culture. Early to establish historic preservation to keep the buildings intact. So tourists came for the historic district, raising the areas rent. |
| Carribean Migrants to New Orleans | Freed Carribean slaves came to New Orleans and brought their Creole culture with them, 54% of here is black. |
| Shotgun House | brought by African American culture, had a long and narrow design that you could fire a gun through (hence the name). Seen in New Orleans and plantations slave houses. Black neighborhoods spread these designs through Southern Cities. |
| Mardi Gras (Carnival) | Period leading up to lent in the spring, translates to fat Tuesday in French. Parades are important and have Krews, which are exclusive social clubs that participate in the parades. Rex parade is the most prominent one, Zulu is for Africans |
| The Corn Belt (Midwest) | Roughly the Eastern edge of the Midwest, left of Pennsylvania and a little bit left of Kansas. Climate changes based on precip, farming and pop densities. Corn needs less area and the Midwest has a higher pop density. |
| Settlement of the Corn Belt from the Northeast | Settlers continued towards the Great Lakes from the Northeast and Breadbasket, brought their farming practices like wheat and dairy to the here. The promise of granted land moved settlers into Ohio. Germans and Scandinavians came later in the 1800's. |
| Former Glacial Lakes | Drained, settled later, flat and agriculturally productive. Tended to be like wetlands, drained last bc it was hard to do. Most open and agricultural areas of the Midwest. |
| Maumee Plains | Northwestern Ohio, an extension of the great lakes in the glacial past. |
| Grand Prarie | Illinois drained glacial flat wetland, used for cattle historically. Now used for large scale corn and soy bean farming. |
| Des Moine Lake Area | Area that was glaciated (a lobe is the glaciers shape here). Important farming land. |
| Iowa Rolling Hills | Glaciated but not as flat as other areas. loess is wind blown deposits of soil which make the landscape have the rolling hills it does. Very erodible soil and uneven so not the best for farming. The American center of raising hogs. |
| Mississippi River Northern part in the Midwest | contains locks and dams (27), barge traffic, flood control. Important transportation corridor through the Midwest (spine of the corn belt). Lots of low slung dams and locks allow barge traffic to enter. |
| Driftless Area | Mainly in Southwest Wisconsin, never covered by glaciers, hilly bc wasnt glacially smoothed. Became a recreational and hiking area for the Midwest. Dairy is made into cheese here for easy transport and higher value. This State is known for cheese. |
| Miami Valley | Hog production in Cincinnati (used to be called porkopolis). Hilly area in Southwestern Ohio which isn't good for row crops meaning hogs were raised. Cincinnati was the closest city so it processed this hence the nickname. |
| Cincinatti | Soap opera originated from operas sponsored by Proctor and Gamble (large soap company). Became trade and supply center for rural areas in the surrounding agricultural regions. Economy more focused on insurance firms or business firms nowadays. |
| Minneapolis | Waterfalls as energy source, northern edge of the Navigable Mississippi. All grain (wheat) would be brought here where it could be shipped further. Known as the city of mills bc of the many flour mills. Today mills are gone but companies remain. |
| Kansas City | Became the Gateway to the West bc the wagon trails that led to the West went through, so it became a stopover point. |
| The Industrial Midwest (around the great lakes) (nicknamed the rust belt) | Steel industry integrated mills turning coal into coke (pure carbon) and iron ore to "pig iron". Blast furnaces were needed to make steel with coke as fuel and ingredient. Now this area is nicknamed the rust belt bc of the steel decline. |
| Pittsburgh | Was the first steel city bc it had iron, many coal deposits and limestone which are all needed for steel. |
| Cleveland | Became the next steel making center after the burgh. Coal was further away but canals made shipping possible. |
| Mesabi Range (MN), Upper peninsula (MI) | Larger scale iron mines, the iron was then shipped to ports on the Great Lakes and processed in places like Cleveland Ohio. |
| Vertical Integration | Own the mines, transportation and steel mills, so dipping your hands in everything. This can make the shipping cheaper like with what Pittsburgh did to compete with Cleveland. |
| US steel industry today | focuses on specialty steel that cant be outsourced for cheap. Is on a smaller scale and uses mini-mills bc its no longer large scale. |
| Detroit | Home of Ford, the most innovative car company that created the assembly line process making cars more easy to access. This city worked with the businesses close by which is why it worked well. Near the steel plants and windshields were shipped. |
| Chicago | 3rd largest US city, became this big bc of the Chicago river near wetlands that could be connected to the Mississippi River system. Processed a lot of Midwest cattle. Produced farm machinery, distributed grain and lumberyards connect here through shipping |
| Cleveland (mistake on the lake) | Early importance for was it being a steel industry and near the Great Lakes. Got hit hard by de-industrialization, famous for going bankrupt, also where the cuyahoga caught fire. Stabilized population after decades of loss. |
| Milwaukee | Processing of agricultural goods likie breweries, a practice brought by German immigrants. Developed a diverse industrial base so it didn't get hit too hard by de-industrialization. |
| The Great Plains | Midcontinent plains grassland extends to the beginning of the rockies and ends in Northern Texas and goes all the way up into canada. Settlement here didn't happen immediately bc it was something to cross over to get to California. |
| Homestead act of 1862 | allowed people free land in the Great Plains so they would settle and build here. Has seen recent pop decline bc of mechanization of agriculture, meaning less workers and less business to support them. |
| Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton | All located on the plains. Edmonton has a lot of oil extraction, Calgary was an agricultural industry center for cattle. |
| Natural grassland | low precipitation, fires keep landscape open and treeless, grazing buffalo also kept it open. These factors have been suppressed by humans and the plains are more tree covered now. |
| Dust Bowl | Happened bc people tried to manage the land in the plains the same way they did in the Midwest. They dried out the land and overused the water. This dried the land completely which then easily eroded and turned to dust. |
Created by:
user-1870303