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Nutrition Ch 10
| Plasma | The liquid part of blood that is mostly water. Also contains proteins, ion, glucose, lipids, vitamins, minerals, waste products, gases, enzymes, and hormone. |
| White blood cells | Also known as leukocytes. They are part of the immune system and survey the whole body looking for foreign invaders to destroy. They make up 1% of blood volume. |
| Red blood cells | Also known as erythrocytes. The most numerous of the cellular components, making up about 44% of the blood volume. They are responsible for transporting oxygen to all cells in the body so they can make energy via aerobic metabolism. |
| Platelets | Also know as thrombocytes. Fragments of cells that are always circulating in the blood in case of an emergency. When blood vessels are injured, they rush to the spot to plug the wound. |
| Biomarker | A measurable molecule or trait that is connected with a specific disease or health condition. |
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical reactions required to support cellular function and the life of an organism. |
| Catabolism | All metabolic processes involved in molecule breakdown |
| Anabolism | All metabolic processes involved in building bigger molecules |
| Energy metabolism | refers to the metabolic pathways that release or store energy |
| Gluconeogenesis | The process of building of building glucose molecules from certain ammino acids. Occurs primarily in the liver. |
| Glycogenesis | An anabolic pathway by which glycogen is formed from glucose monomers. |
| Lipogenesis | An anabolic pathway by which triglycerides are formed. |
| Coenzymes | Vitamins that make up part of enzymes required for converting a substrate to an end product. |
| Cofactors | Minerals that make up part of enzymes required for converting a substrate to an end product |
| Beriberi | A disease caused by thiamine deficiency. Symptoms include fatigue, confusion, movement impairment, lower extremity pain, swelling, and heart failure. |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome | A brain disorder caused by thiamine deficiency that is characterized by significant changes in mental status |
| Ariboflavinosis | A medical condition caused by riboflavin deficiency. Often accompanied by other dietary deficiencies (mostly protein) and can be common in people with alcohol use disorder. Symptoms include dry, scaly skin, mouth inflammation, sore throat, itchy eyes, and |
| Pallegra | Caused by Niacin deficiency and is characterized by the four Ds: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and sometimes death. |
| Macrocytic anemia | A form of anemia characterized by larger and fewer red blood cells and fewer than normal. |
| Intrinsic factor | A glycoprotein that is required for absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12) |
| Pernicious anemia | A type of vitamin b12 deficiency anemia resulting from a lack of or insufficient intrinsic factor |
| Vitamin K | Necessary for blood clotting |
| Basal metabolism | Metabolic pathways necessary to support and maintain the basic functions of the body while at rest |
| Iron Deficiency anemia | A condition developing from having insufficient amount of iron levels in the body which results in smaller and fewer red blood cells. |
| Hemochromatosis | A disorder resulting from a genetic mutation that leads to abnormal iron metabolism and an accumulation of iron in certain tissues. |
| Anopheles mosquito | The vector that transmits Malaria |
Created by:
spaige