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Unit 4

Colonial Breakdown

QuestionAnswer
What items did the Townshend Acts(Duties) tax? glass, lead, paper, paint and tea
Duty a tax on imported goods
What did the colonists mean when they protested 'no taxation without representation"? They were protesting that they were being taxed by Parliament but they didn't get to elect a member to represent them .
How did the colonists protest the Townshend Acts? They boycotted and renewed the non-importation agreements.
What was the effect of the Boston Massacre? The Sons of Liberty used it as propaganda to inflame public opinion against the British soldiers.
What were the Intolerable Acts? They were acts such as closing the port of Boston and the Quartering Act that were meant to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party.
How did other colonies react to the Intolerable Acts being enacted in Boston? They realized the same thing could happen in their colonies, viewed it as a threat to liberty, and came to the aid of Boston.
Writs of Assistance Orders given by the king that allowed soldiers to search private citizens for smuggled goods.
Why were boycotts and non-importation agreements effective forms of protest? When the colonists quit buying British goods in support of boycotts, the British merchants lost profits and complained to Parliament.
Olive Branch Petition A petition written by the Second Continental Congress and sent to the king expressing their desire for a peaceful resolution and repeal of certain laws. This was the last formal attempt at getting the king to recognize the colonists rights before declaring independence.
What was King George's reaction to the Olive Branch Petition? He did not accept it and declared that the colonies were in open rebellion.
Loyalist A person who believed the colonies should remain loyal to the king and Parliament
Patriot A person who supported independence and sided with the Continental Congress and Continental Army.
Why were so many residents of the Back Country Loyalist? They believed the government centered in the Low Country ignored their needs and they would be better off with the king than if the Low Country elite took complete control.
Why were so many residents of the Low Country Patriots? Many believed the king was challenging local power and authority and that the enforcement of the Navigation Acts and new tax laws threatened their profits.
Salutary Neglect unofficial British policy of not strictly enforcing laws, especially trade regulations
Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation issued by the king that stated that settlers could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains and settle on the lands won during the French and Indian War.
Stamp Act British law passed in 1765 that taxed all printed items including, newspapers, legal documents, shipping documents and playing cards.
Daughters of Liberty Organization formed by women to support the patriot cause through supporting boycotts and hosting spinning and weaving bees to manufacture homespun textiles to replace those imported from Britain.
What event caused the policy of Salutary Neglect to be reversed? The French and Indian War increased British debt substantially.
What sort of extreme, violent tactics did the Sons of Liberty use protest British tax laws? They would burn effigies of tax collectors and tar and feather them.
Why did the king and Parliament believe they had the right to tax the colonists? They were British citizens and British citizens are represented by Parliament. Therefore, colonists were represented and could be legally taxed.
Why did Britain start enacting and enforcing tax laws? The French and Indian War caused a large debt and they needed to generate income to pay the debt.
What major conflict cause Britain's debt to increase substantially? The French and Indian War.
Why did the Proclamation of 1763 make colonists angry? It kept them from expanding onto the newly acquired, fertile territory they had just fought the French and Indian War to obtain.
Declaratory Act It was an act, passed in response to the Stamp Act Congress, that stated that the King and Parliament had the right and power to make and enforce laws in the colonies.
What effect did the policy of Salutary Neglect have on the colonies, that was impossible to reverse? As a result of Salutary Neglect, colonists got used to governing themselves and controlling their own trade.
First Continental Congress A meeting attended by 12 out of 13 colonies where the Declaration of Rights and Grievances was written and coordinated boycotts and non-importation agreements were adopted. This represented a unified front across the colonies that acted as one against British authority.
Declaration of Rights and Grievances A document produced at the First Continental Congress and sent to the king asserting that colonists were entitled to the same rights as Englishmen, including the right to self-governance (through their own provincial assemblies) and an objection to taxation without representation
Stamp Act Congress Formed in reaction to the passage of the Stamp Act. It represented the first time the colonies met together as one collective body to protest British policy.
Why were colonists more angry about the Stamp Act than other previous tax acts? The Stamp Act affected almost everyone, while other taxes were on luxury items only part of the population used. This meant more people protested and were more unified in their protests.
Tea Act An act which lowered the existing tax on tea, gave the British East India Company a monopoly on selling tea in the colonies and allowed their ships to take tea directly from India to the colonies.
Why did the colonists refuse to pay the tax on tea enacted by the Tea Act even though it had been lowered. They still refused to pay a tax passed without representation and they viewed the East India Company's monopoly as an attack on free trade.
 



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