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Geology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Saltwater intrusion results from: | Over pumping of ground water |
| The biomagnification of mercury occurs as mercury moves through: | The aquatic food chain |
| Because they are of smaller scale, non-point source pollution sources are more easily regulated and controlled than are point sources. | false |
| Groundwater pollution is better alleviated by prevention than by treatment. | true |
| Eutrophication can occur in the absence of human influences. | true |
| All coliform bacteria are harmless. | false |
| What measures have largely eliminated waterborne diseases in the United States? | Separation of sewage and drinking water |
| Common pollutants in water include (select more than one): | Petroleum, nutrients, toxic waster, Oxygen-demanding waste, Sediment, Pathogenic microbes |
| The level of decaying organic matter in water is indicated by what measure? | Biochemical oxygen demand |
| What measures have largely eliminated waterborne diseases in the United States? | Separation of sewage and drinking water |
| Wastewater renovation relies on what processes to purify water? | Natural purification in the soil |
| What is the principal cause of cultural eutrophication? | Elevated levels of phosphorus and nitrogen |
| Why is municipal wastewater sludge considered problematic? | It sometimes contains heavy metals |
| Heavy metals remain suspended in the water column indefinitely. | false |
| Thermal pollution is harmful to some organisms, but actually helps others survive. | true |
| Because they are of smaller scale, non-point source pollution sources are more easily regulated and controlled than are point sources. | false |
| If MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) has such an impact on groundwater, why is it added to gasoline instead of lead? | It helps decrease auto air pollutant emissions |
| Acid mine drainage is a problem because: | The acid water may mobilize hazardous heavy metal |
| Which of the following would be considered a point source of pollution? | Industrial wastewater discharge |
| Why did Congress require the Environmental Protection Agency to establish minimum drinking water standards? | Long-term exposure to small amounts of chemicals was proven to be hazardous |
| Septic tank systems can contribute nitrate contamination to groundwater. | true |
| The main concern with organic chemicals in groundwater is their flammability. | false |
| The overpumping of groundwater in the Long Island area has resulted in which of the following? (Select more than one correct answer) | Drying up of streams, lowering of groundwater levels, intrusion of salty groundwater |
| Why is karst topography a concern for groundwater quality? | Waste disposed in karst areas can easily infiltrate into the ground |
| Groundwater mining is accomplished by: | Pumping that exceeds recharge |
| Water pressure is generally greater in a confined aquifer than in an unconfined aquifer. | true |
| Which of the following would likely serve as an aquitard? | clay |
| The boundary between drainage basins is called the: | drainage divide |
| Surface water and groundwater are: | Interconnected systems |
| Groundwater mining in the Ogallala aquifer is a function of the very small amount of water contained in the aquifer. | false |
| If water is so abundant on Earth, why are water resources such a big concern? | Water resources are not necessarily where humans need them and when they need them |
| Groundwater movement is proportional to porosity. | false |
| Groundwater mining is accomplished by: | Pumping that exceeds recharge |
| Why is karst topography a concern for groundwater quality? | Waste disposed in karst areas can easily infiltrate into the ground |
| The velocity of surface water flow influences the amount of soil or sediment the water can erode. | true |
| The water table separates confined and unconfined aquifers. | false |
| Wetlands contribute to poor water quality and harm flood control. | false |
| If water is so abundant on Earth, why are water resources such a big concern? | Water resources are not necessarily where humans need them and when they need them |
| Why is sediment yield an important consideration in a discussion of water supplies? | Sediment is a common water pollutant |
| A cone of depression forms when water is pumped from an unconfined aquifer, but not when water is pumped from a confined aquifer. | false |
| The boundary between drainage basins is called the: | Drainage divide |
| Which of the following are true of the Edwards Aquifer in central Texas? (Select more than one correct answer) | It is the primary source of drinking water for central Texas It supplies water to Barton Springs in Austin It is a karst aquifer |
| Causes of subsurface ground failure include: (Select more than one correct answer) | Dissolution of limestone Subsidence caused by withdrawal of groundwater Subsidence caused by withdrawal of oil and gas Dissolution of salt beds Subsurface coal mining |
| Vegetation influences landslides in part by: | Anchoring the slope materials |
| How does road construction associated with timber harvesting contribute to landslide hazards? | The roads alter the movement of surface water and groundwater |
| Slumps and debris flows tend to occur separately in time and space. | false |
| Hillslopes typically are static systems. | false |
| Why is drainage control sometimes an effective method of landslide control? | It reduces the amount of water in the hillslope materials |
| Erosion of the base of a slope may increase landslide hazards by oversteepening the slope. | true |
| On what information is a landslide hazard map based? | Geology and inventory of past landslides |
| Hillslopes typically are static systems. | false |
| Why might the infiltration of water deep into a slide mass increase landslide hazards? | The water increases the pore water pressure, effectively lifting the slide mass from stable ground beneath |
| How does road construction associated with timber harvesting contribute to landslide hazards? | The roads alter the movement of surface water and groundwater |
| Slumps and debris flows tend to occur separately in time and space. | false |
| Grading of slopes can either increase or decrease landslide hazards. | true |
| Erosion of the base of a slope may increase landslide hazards by oversteepening the slope. | true |
| Why are landslides more common on steep slopes? | Slope angle determines the relative magnitude of driving forces |
| On what information is a landslide hazard map based? | Geology and inventory of past landslides |
| Hillslopes typically are static systems. | false |
| Why might the infiltration of water deep into a slide mass increase landslide hazards? | The water increases the pore water pressure, effectively lifting the slide mass from stable ground beneath |
| How does road construction associated with timber harvesting contribute to landslide hazards? | The roads alter the movement of surface water and groundwater |
| Slumps and debris flows tend to occur separately in time and space. | false |
| Grading of slopes can either increase or decrease landslide hazards. | true |
| Erosion of the base of a slope may increase landslide hazards by oversteepening the slope. | true |
| Why are landslides more common on steep slopes? | Slope angle determines the relative magnitude of driving forces |
| A comprehensive term for any type of downslope movement of Earth materials is: | Mass wasting |
| Causes of subsurface ground failure include: (Select more than one correct answer) | Dissolution of salt beds Dissolution of limestone Subsidence caused by withdrawal of oil and gas Subsidence caused by withdrawal of groundwater Subsurface coal mining |
| The incidences of coastal hazards is expected to increase in the future because: (Select more than one correct answer) | Increasing population and development in coastal regions, Warming climate causing stronger hurricanes |
| Coastal landscapes are capable of rapid change because continental and oceanic processes converge there. | true |
| The current flowing parallel to and just offshore of a beach is called: | Longshore current |
| What aspect of hurricanes tends to cause the greatest death and destruction? | Flooding from rain, waves, and storm surge |
| Hurricanes in the tropical Atlantic Ocean tend to originate as: | Thunderstorms in West Africa |
| Why does river damming sometimes contribute to coastal erosion? | the supply of sediment to beaches is shut off |
| Why do waves expend so much energy on a rocky headland? | Waves refract toward the headland on both sides |
| The goal of groin installation is to trap sand. | true |
| Which of the following does not influence wave size? | Wind temperature |
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