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WH exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The middle ages lasted appoxiamately from: | 500-1500 CE |
| Which Empire continued after the fall of the western roman empire | Byzantine Empire |
| The captial of the Byzantine Empire was: | Constantinople |
| 4. The first Islamic Caliphate took territory from the Byzantines in the: | 700's |
| 5. The battle of Tours/Poitiers (732 CE) was important because: | Franks stopped Muslim expansion into europe |
| Charlemage was crowned emperor in: | 800 CE |
| The great Schism permanently split Christianity into: | Orthodox and Catholic |
| Vikings mainly used what type of ship? | Longboats |
| The vikings originated in which region? | Scandinavia |
| Vikings ended their major raiding activites mainly due to: | Christianization of Scandinavia |
| How do historians primarily study the past | By analyzing primary sources, especially written records |
| When a society leaves no written record. what do historians rely on? | Arheology and artificts |
| What is prehistory? | Time before writing existed in a society |
| What is history (as a field)? | The study of past events using written records |
| Where in africa did literate civilzation develop early? | Northeastern Africa (Egypt, Nubia, Kush/Aksum) |
| In the 2000s BCE, what crops were first farmed in West Aftica | Millet, rice, and yams |
| What was the basic social unit in early ub-Saharan Farming societies? | The clan |
| What is matrilineal decent? | Inheritance and lineage traced through the mother |
| Why were some Bantu societies matrilineal? | Women were the primary farmers and controlled land |
| From whre to where did the Bantu spread their migration? | From West/central Aftrica to southern and eastern africa |
| What did the Bantu spread during their migration | Agriculture, language, and ironworking |
| Where was the Nok culture located? | Modern-day NIgeria |
| What is the Nok culture known for? | Terracotta sculptures (earliest in Sub-Sarahan Africa) |
| How did early humans arrive in the Americas? | Over the Beringia land bridge from Asia |
| Wha period marks the earliest human occupation of the Americas? | Paleoindian Period |
| What occured when the ICe Ace animals like mammoths went extinct? | People shifted to gathering plants and hunting smaller animals (Archaic Period) |
| When did agriculture began in the American? | Around 8000 BCE |
| What were the staple american crops | Maize (corn), beans, squash |
| Which domesticated animals existed in the americas before europeans? | Dogs everywhere; llamas/ alpacas in the Andes |
| Where did the earliest South American civilizations developq | Along the west coast (especially Peru) |
| What was the Norte Chico known for? | Large ceremonial centers with pyramids (no pottery) |
| What did Norte Chico builders use instead of pottery | Hollowed gourds |
| What are the Chavin sites known for | Large towns/cities used as regional religious centers |
| Where was the Chavin sites located | Peru (Andes region) |
| When was the Moche culture exist? | c. 100-600 CE |
| What were the Moche famous for? | Elaborate and realistic pottery (including figuative and sexual imagery |
| What do elaborate Moche burials suggest? | Belief in an afterlife and social hierarchy |
| What is the decapitator figure thought to represent? | A Moche deity associated with ritual sacrifice |
| Why did the Moche decline | Severe climate changes (El nino floods and drought) |
| Who were the earliest Mesoamerican civilization | The olmec |
| What kind of structures did the Olmec build? | Stone ceremonial ceters and pyramids |
| What major artistic works are the olmec known for? | Giant carved stone heads |
| What fo the Olmec heads suggest about their society? | Powerful leaders with the ability to command labor |
| What likely functioned as urban population centers in early mesoamerica | Nearby villages; ceremonial centers used to major events |
| Where did Islam begin? | Arabia (modern-day Saudi Arabia |
| Islam is part of which major religous group | The abrahamic religion |
| Who is the founding prophet of Islam? | Mohammad |
| What trible controlled Mecca before Islam | Tribal society, worshiping local deities, Bedouin nomads inland |
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