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Haemotology pt 1

QuestionAnswer
Haematology The study of the normal and pathologic aspects of blood and its elements.
Haematopoiesis The continuous formation of blood cells to replace those lost through aging or injury.
Haemoglobin The iron-containing pigment that gives red blood cells their red colour and carries oxygen.
B Lymphocytes Lymphocytes that produce and secrete antibodies, crucial for humoral immunity.
Adult Haemoglobin (HbA) The predominant form of haemoglobin in adults, composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains.
Natural Killer (NK) Cells Large granular lymphocytes involved in innate immunity, recognizing and killing infected or tumor cells.
Monocytes Large circulating leukocytes that differentiate into tissue macrophages, involved in phagocytosis and antigen presentation.
Haematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) Quiescent, self-renewing cells that give rise to all blood cell lineages.
Basophils The rarest circulating leukocyte, involved in anaphylactic hypersensitivity and inflammatory reactions.
Platelets (Thrombocytes) Discoid, anucleate cell fragments that play a primary role in hemostasis and are involved in early atherosclerosis.
Lymphocytes Small leukocytes central to adaptive immunity, distinguished by surface receptors that recognize specific antigens.
Leukocytes The least numerous blood cells, crucial for immune defense, divided into granulocytes and mononuclear cells.
Peripheral Blood Consists of three cellular components suspended in plasma: red cells, white cells, and platelets.
Eosinophils Leukocytes that play a role in defense against parasitic infestations and modulation of allergic responses.
Erythropoiesis The process of generating new erythrocytes from haematopoietic stem cells, regulated by erythropoietin.
Plasma The pale-yellow aqueous solution that suspends blood cells, comprising about 60% of total blood volume.
T Lymphocytes Lymphocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity, including helper and cytotoxic T cells.
Phagocytosis The cellular process by which cells engulf and digest foreign particles or microorganisms.
Fetal Haemoglobin (HbF) A type of haemoglobin present from 10 weeks gestation to term, composed of 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains.
Granulocytes A category of leukocytes including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, characterized by cytoplasmic granules.
Hypoxia A condition in which tissues are deprived of adequate oxygen supply, stimulating erythropoietin production.
Reticulocyte An immature red blood cell that has been released from the bone marrow and matures into a full red blood cell within 1-2 days.
Neutrophils The most abundant leukocyte in adults, primarily involved in non-specific defense against bacterial and fungal infections.
Erythropoietin (EPO) A hormone primarily produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia, stimulating red cell production.
Erythrocytes The most numerous blood cells, specialized for oxygen transport via haemoglobin.
Created by: Hafserrr
 

 



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