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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Middle Ages | a time period ranging from 500 to 1500 CE. This period is also known as the Medieval period. This period served as a bridge between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance. |
| Dark Ages | time period immediately following the fall of Rome. Also known as early Middle Ages. It is called Dark Ages because of little cultural or scientific advancements. |
| Medieval | related to the Middle Ages |
| Monk | a man who was dedicated to his religion and lived in an isolated community |
| Monastery | a community of monks |
| Charlemagne | leader of the Franks who united European tribes as the Holy Roman Emperor |
| Knight | a warrior of the Middle Ages who fought on horseback, served a king, held a special military rank, and swore to behave in a noble way |
| Chivalry | the qualities expected of a knight, such as courage, honor, and courtesy |
| Fief | a plot of land |
| Vassal | a land-owning person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he has vowed loyalty |
| Feudalism | a social system in which nobles governed land farmed by peasants |
| William the Conqueror | A French noble who conquered England in the Norman Invasion and spread the concept of feudalism |
| Manor | a large estate that was owned by a lord or knight |
| Serf | someone who lived and worked on a manor that could not leave without the lord’s permission |
| Crusades | series of wars between Muslims and Christians over control of Jerusalem |
| Holy Land | land around Jerusalem that is significant to Jews, Christians, and Muslims |
| Clergy | church officials |
| Magna Carta | the Great Charter that required the King of England to respect certain rights of the people |
| Parliament | a law-making group that was formed to advise the King of England and limit his power |
| Hundred Years’ War | a conflict between England and France about who should be king that lasted over 100 years |
| Black Death | a deadly plague that killed roughly 25-50 million Europeans between 1347 and 1351 |