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Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ganglia/nucleus/nerve/tract | Ganglia- a group of neurons outside the CNS Nucleus- a group of neurons within the CNS Nerve- a group of nerve fibers outside the CNS Tract- a group of nerve fibers inside the CNS |
| Primary function of the spinal cord | -communication pathway between the brain and body -reflexes |
| Where does the spinal cord begin and end | foramen Magnum to L2 |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there | 31 |
| What is the cauda equina | The end of the spinal cord where the nerves exit through the sacrum |
| The number of spinal nerves to their region | -8 cervical -12 thoracic -5 lumbar - 5 sacral -1 coccyx |
| 2 enlargements of the spinal cord, what do they control | -cervical nerves for upper limbs -lumbar nerves for lower limbs |
| What are commissures | Commissures are the connection between left and right halves |
| What do rootlets form | Roots |
| Which matter is myelinated | White |
| What are the categories of multipolar nerve cells found in grey matter | -sensory -lower motor -interneurons |
| What is the laminae of Rexed and how is it named | -Cells of the same types clustered into groups that form long columns are the laminae of Rexed -They are named by their location and named by roman numerals |
| What is the other name for a motor neuron | lower motor neuron |
| What innervates extrafusal/intrafusal muscles | - Large multipolar cells innervate extrafusal muscles - Less numerous smaller multipolar cells innervate intrafusal muscles |
| Motor neurons and ventral horn, what do they innervate | - medial- innervates muscles of the neck and trunk - central- innervates muscles of the head - lateral- innervates muscles of the limbs |
| Know | the flexor is dorsal to the extensor |
| Nerve cells in the lateral horn what they give rise to | -T1-L3- give rise to preganglionic sympathetic fibers -S2-S4- give rise to preganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
| Why is white matter white | High myelinated nerve fibers |
| What is the other name for a fasciculus | Tract |
| What nerve fibers are ascending and descending | - sensory nerve fibers ascend to the brain - motor nerve fibers descend from the brain |
| What part of the spinal cord is filled with CSF | Central canal |
| Where do the first pair of nerves exit | The vertebral column between the skull and atlas |
| What cells are found in the central canal | Ependymal |
| What do dorsal and ventral roots merge to form | Spinal nerve |
| Ventral Rami | -C1-C4 cervical plexus -C5-T1 Brachial plexus -L1-L5 Lumbar plexus -L4-S4 Sacral plexus -S4-S5 Coccygeal plexus |
| Layers of the meninges | -Dura outermost -Arachnoid medial -Pia innermost |
| Makeup of the meninges | - dura ha 2 layers the endosteum and dura -arachnoid has elastic tissue and blood vessels -pia has blood vessels that go into the surface of the brain |
| Spaces within the meninges | -epidural has blood vessels, connective tissue, and fat -subdural has serious fluid -subarachnoid has CSF, blood vessels |
| What is a reflex and why is it so quick | - a rapid involuntary response brought by sensory stimulus -it is so fast because it does not go to the brain |
| 4 steps for the pathway of a reflex arc | action potential--> sensory receptor--> interneuron--> motor neurons |
| What happens the further you go down the spinal cord | White matter decreases as you go down the spinal cord and motor and sensory tracts vary |
Created by:
kjdavis9905