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ERGO M Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anthropometry | the science of measuring the human body |
| Anthropometry | typically utilizes a variety of caliper like devices to measure structural dimensions, for example, stature and forearm length |
| Anthropometry | the primary guideline is to design the workplace to accomodate most individuals with regard to structural size of the human body |
| kth percentile | defined as a value such that k percent of the data values are at or below this value |
| Design for extremes | implies that a specific design feature is a limiting factor in determining either the maximum or minimum value of a population variable that will be accomodated |
| Design for adjustability | is typically used for equipment facilities that can be adjusted to fit a wider range of individuals |
| Desiging for adjustability | is the preferred method of design but there is a trade-off with the cost of implementation |
| Design for the average | is the cheapest but least preferred approach. Even though there is no individual average dimensions, there are certain situations where it would be impractical or too costly to include adjustability on all features |
| Legal rammifications | the industrial engineer should also consider the ___ of design work. |
| Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 | due to the passage of this act, reasonable effort must be made to accommodate individuals with all abilities |
| Elbow height | The work surface height should be determined by the __. |
| 8 inches (20cm) | For rough assembly involving the lifting of heavy parts, it is much more advantageous to lower the surface by as much as __ |
| 8 in (20 cm) | for fine assembly involving minute visual details, it is more advantageous to raise the work surface by up to __ |
| Adjustable chairs and adjustable footrests | seated workstations should be provided with ___ and ___ |
| Foot rest | short operators whose feet do not reach the floor, even after adjusting the chair should utilize a ___ to provide support for the feet |
| Seated posture | is important from the standpoint of reducing both the stress on the feet and the overall energy |
| Lordotic inward arch | lumbar position of spine when standing |
| Kyphotic outward arch | lumbar position of spine when sitting |
| Armrests | __ for shoulder and arm support |
| PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS | The industrial designer should also consider the legal ramifications of design work. Due to the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, reasonable effort must be made to accommodate individuals with all abilities. It is also very useful, i |
| DETERMINE WORK SURFACE HEIGHT BY ELBOW HEIGHT | The work surface height (whether the worker is seated or standing) should be determined by a comfortable working posture for the operator. Typically, this means that the upper arms are hanging down naturally and the elbows are flexed at 90° so that the fo |
| ADJUST THE WORK SURFACE HEIGHT BASED ON THE TASK BEING PERFORMED | There are modifications to the first principle. For rough assembly involving the lifting of heavy parts, it is more advantageous to lower the work surface by as much as 8 in (20 cm) to take advantage of the stronger trunk muscles. For fine assembly involv |
| PROVIDE A COMFORTABLE CHAIR FOR THE SEATED OPERATOR | The seated posture is important from the standpoint of reducing both the stress on the feet and the overall energy expenditure. Because comfort is a very individual response, strict principles for good seating are somewhat difficult to define. Furthermore |
| PROVIDE ADJUSTABILITY IN THE SEAT | A second consideration is the reduction of disk pressure, which can increase considerably with a forward tilt of the trunk. Reclining the backrest from the vertical also has a dramatic effect in reducing disk pressures. Another factor is the need to provi |
| ENCOURAGE POSTURAL FLEXIBILITY | The workstation height should be adjustable so that the work can be performed efficiently either standing or sitting. The human body is not designed for long periods of sitting. The disks between the vertebrae do not have a separate blood supply, and they |
| PROVIDE ANTIFATIGUE MATS FOR A STANDING OPERATOR | Standing for extended periods on a cement floor is fatiguing. The operators should be provided with resilient antifatigue mats. The mats allow small muscle contractions in the legs, forcing the blood to move and keeping it from tending to pool in the lowe |
| LOCATE ALL TOOLS AND MATERIALS WITHIN THE NORMAL WORKING AREA | In every motion, a distance is involved. The greater the distance, the larger the muscular effort, control, and time. It is therefore important to minimize distances. The normal working area in the horizontal plane of the right hand includes the area circ |
| FIX LOCATIONS FOR ALL TOOLS AND MATERIALS TO PERMIT THE BEST SEQUENCE | Providing fixed locations for all tools and materials at the workstation eliminates, or at least minimizes, the short hesitations required to search for and select the objects needed to do the work. These are the ineffective Search and Select therbligs. |
| USE GRAVITY BINS AND DROP DELIVERY TO REDUCE REACH AND MOVE TIMES | Utilizing gravity bins, components can be continuously brought to the normal work area, thus eliminating long reaches to get these supplies. Likewise, gravity chutes allow the disposal of completed parts within the normal area, eliminating the necessity f |
| ARRANGE TOOLS, CONTROLS, AND OTHER COMPONENTS OPTIMALLY TO MINIMIZE MOTIONS | First, the designer must consider the general location of components relative to other components, using the importance and frequency-of-use principles. The most important, as determined by overall goals or objectives, or most frequently used components, |
Created by:
romulols