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Meteorology 10/30
StudyStack for ADV. Earth Science 9th
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Weather occurs in which layer of the atmosphere? | Clouds and rain are associated with low pressure systems. |
| What is the weather associated with a low pressure system? | Rising air that is cooling with cloud formation and possibly precipitation. |
| Wind moves from ______________ to ___________. | Wind moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. |
| Station models – wind speed and direction, temperature, dew point, cloud cover, and air pressure. | Know what is indicated in and where each are located in a station model. |
| Barometers measure: | Barometers measure air pressure. |
| What direction does the wind rotate in a high pressure system? | In a high pressure system the wind rotates in a clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and counter clockwise in the southern hemisphere. |
| Describe the 4 different types of air masses. | The four different air masses are: mT - maritime tropical – wet and warm mP - maritime polar – wet and cold cT - continental tropical – dry and warm cP - continental polar – dry and cold |
| What type of weather is associated with weather fronts? | Clouds and possibly precipitation are associated with weather fronts because the warm air is rising. |
| What are rivers of air in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere? | The Jet Streams are wind currents in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. |
| Which global wind systems push weather from the west to the east? | The prevailing westerlies pushes weather from the west towards the east. |
| Which way do westerlies flow? | The westerlies flow towards the east and they are called the westerlies because they come from the west. |
| Winds blow from _____________ pressure to ____________ pressure. | Wind moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. |
| What type of pressure brings fair weather and clear skies? | Fair weather or sunny skies is created by a high pressure system where the air is descending towards the surface of the earth. |
| What type of air is forced upwards? | Warmer less dense air is forced upwards. |
| Describe the four different types of fronts? | Warm front , warm air is moving in Cold front, cold air is moving Stationary front, a non moving/ slow moving front wind on each blowing in opposite directions. Occluded front, cold front catches a warm front and pushes the warm air up |
| What is the difference between clouds and fog? | The difference between clouds and fog is only that fog is located at or just above the surface of the earth and clouds are higher up in the atmosphere. |
| What are isotherms and isobars? | Isotherms and isobars are lines on a weather map that connect points of equal temperature or air pressure. |
| At night clouds act like blankets by doing this? | Clouds keep the night time atmosphere warmer because the water vapor associated with the clouds is absorbing the heat that the earth is radiating. |
| What type of heat is absorbed or released as water changes states of matter? | The heat that is either released or absorbed when water changes states of matter is called latent heat. |
| What two things characterize air masses? | Air masses are characterized by their temperature and moisture content or humidity. |
| Over what type of Earth’s surface do air masses form? (wet, dry, warm, cold) | Maritime air masses form over water continental air masses form over land. Polar air masses form in the higher latitudes where it is colder and tropical air masses form closer to the equator where it is warmer. |
| What is a front? | A front is the boundary between two air masses. |
| Why are tornadoes visible? | Since air is invisible the only reason we can see a tornado is because it has picked up dust and debris that is visible. |
| When do most tornadoes form? | Tornadoes occur mostly in the spring, but can occur anytime. |
| Where do hurricanes get their energy? | Hurricanes get their energy from the latent heat being released in the process of condensation. When water evaporates from the warm oceans it takes heat from the oceans and carries this latent heat into the atmosphere where it is released. |
| What is the order of hurricane formation? | The first step in the process is a tropical, followed by a tropical depression. A tropical storm occurs when wind speeds reach 39 miles per hour and finally it becomes a hurricane when the wind speeds reach 75 miles per hour. |
| What type of clouds are associated with hail? | Hail forms in clouds of vertical development when the temperatures are below freezing and there is strong updrafts. |
| What is the air doing in a high pressure system? | In a high pressure system the air is descending from high altitudes and spreading out when it hits the ground. |
| Which way do hurricanes rotate in the northern hemisphere? | Hurricanes rotate in a counter clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere. They rotate in this direction because they are a low pressure system. |
| What are the three parts of a hurricane? | A hurricane consists of three parts, the calm center called the eye, the eye wall which has the strongest winds and heaviest rains, and the rain bands. |
| What differentiates the stages of hurricane development? | The steps in a hurricane’s formation are separated by the wind speed. |
| What does the Coriolis Effect do to/for hurricanes? | The Coriolis Effect gives the hurricane its rotation, counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere, and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. |
| What is windshear? | Wind shear is the state of the atmosphere when the wind is blowing at different speeds at different elevations. It is also when the wind is blowing at different directions at different altitudes. |
| What is an air-mass thunderstorm and give two examples? | Mountain thunderstorms and sea breeze thunderstorms are the two types of air mass thunderstorms. They are caused by the uneven heating of earth’s surface. |
| What are the three steps of lightning? | The three steps are, the stepped leader, upward streamer, and return stroke. See your notes for the details of each step. |
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csarabia3683