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chapter 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cancer | characterized by unrestrained and excessive growth of cells |
| malignsnt tumor | compress, invade, and destroy surrounding tissues |
| hereditary carcinogens | Retinoblastoma, polyposis coli |
| Carcinomas | cancer that originates in epithelial cells- 90% of malignacies |
| malignancy | cancerous growths that invade and metatasize (spread) |
| polyposis cell syndrome | a rare, inherited condition caused by a defect in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene.causes extra tissue (polyps) to form in your large intestine (colon) and rectum. becomes cacerous overtime |
| retinoblastoma | eye cancer - a known inherited type of cancer |
| wilm tumor | kidney cancer that affect children |
| stage | extent of spread in the body |
| grade | degree of maturity or diffraction |
| Li-Fraumeni Syndrome | a rare hereditary disorder that significantly increases the risk of developing various types of cancer, particularly at a young age. |
| sarcoma | connective tissue or flesh origin, 5% of all malignancies |
| Mixed tissue tumors | tissues capable of differentiating into epithelial and connective tissue |
| teratoma | germ cell tumor hair teeth muscle bone (mixed tissue) |
| Debulking procedure | may be used to remove as much of primary tumor mass as possible |
| Adjuvant therapy | additional treatment |
| Exenteration | the removal of an organ and surrounding tissue |
| Fulguration | surgical technique that destroys tissue using electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current |
| En bloc resection | complete removal of the tumor |
| Alkylating agent | a type of chemotherapeutic drug that works by interfering with DNA replication in cancer cells |
| Antimetabolites | interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis by mimicking natural cellular metabolites. |
| Antimitotics | disrupt cell division (mitosis), making them especially effective against rapidly proliferating cancer |
| apoptosis | cells self-destruct when they are damaged, no longer needed, or potentially harmful. |
| brachytherapy | Use of radiation placed directly on or within the cancer |
| differentiating agents | Drugs that promote tumor cells to differentiate, stop growing, and die |
| differentiation | Specialization of cells |
| fractionation | Giving radiation in small, repeated doses |
| gray (gy) | Unit of absorbed radiation dose |
| linear accelerator | Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors |
| mesenchymal | Embryonic connective tissue |
| morbidity | Condition of being unwell |
| neoplasm | new growth |
| remission | Partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease |
| oncogenes | genetic material that causes cancer |
| sessile | Broad-based, flat growths attached directly to the tissue surface |
| pedunculated: | Growths attached by a stalk or stem |
| medullary | Refers to soft, fleshy tumors often seen in breast or thyroid cancers— |
| Verrucous | Describes a wart-like surface, often in squamous cell carcinomas |
| Cystic | Indicates fluid-filled sacs |
| Necrotic | Refers to dead tissue within a tumor |
| polypoid | tumor growths that project outward from a mucosal surface |
| Carcinoma in situ | localized tumor growth/ not invaded surrounding tissues |
| mutation | Inheritable change in a cell |
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