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MSK anatomy review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| axial skeleton | skull, thorax, vertebrae |
| appendicular skeleton | upper and lower extremities |
| ligaments | dense connective tissue joining 2 bones at an articulation; role in static stability; allows motion at joint |
| muscles | organs made up of fibers/bundles (fascicles); contract via myosin/actin filaments to shorten fibers |
| tendons | connective tissue attaching muscles to bones; if in areas of increased motion, usually covered in double-layered tendon sheath |
| cartilage | avascular tissue; hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic |
| hyaline | most abundant cartilage; found on articulating surfaces of joints |
| elastic | auricle of ear, larynx |
| fibrocartilage | intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis |
| bursae | sacs of synovial fluid in areas of friction (elbow, greater, trochanter, knee, etc.) |
| glenohumeral joint | ball and socket; glenoid fossa of scapula and humerus |
| acromioclavicular joint | acromium of scapula and clavical |
| sternoclavicular joint | clavical and sternum |
| joint capsule | watertight sac surrounding the joint; formed by a large group of ligaments that connect humerus to the glenoid; ligaments are the main source of stability |
| shoulder ligaments | superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral |
| coraco-acromial ligament | connect coracoid to the acromium |
| coraco-clavicular ligament | includes trapezoid and coronoid; attach clavicle to coracoid process of the scapula |
| transverse humeral ligament | holds tendon of long head of biceps brachii in the intertubercular sulcus |
| intertubercular sulcus | groove between greater and lesser tubercle of humerus |
| rotator cuff | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor |
| subscapularis | inserts on the lesser tubercle of humerus |
| supraspinatus | inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus |
| infraspinatus | inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus |
| teres minor | inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus |
| biceps tendon | attaches muscle at the coracoid process of the scapula; long head and short head |
| glenoid labrum | fibrocartilaginous rim attaches to the margin of the glenoid cavity; functions to deepen the socket and provide stability; prone to tearing and traumatic injuries |
| articular capsule | fibrous outer layer with inner synovial layer; lax and subject to allowing shoulder to dislocate |
| subacromial bursa | synovial fluid filled sac separates the acromion from the rotator cuff; allows for motion; acts as a cushion |
| bones of the elbow | humerus, radius, ulna |
| joints of the elbow | humeroulnar, radiohumeral, radioulnar |
| ulnar collateral ligament | connects the distal humerus and proximal ulna on the medial side of the elbow |
| radial collateral ligament | connects lateral epicondyle of humerus and annular ligament of the radius |
| annular ligament | attaches trochlear notch, encircles the head of the radius, keeps radial head in contact with notch of ulna |
| long head of biceps | originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; inserts radial tuberosity of the radius |
| short head of biceps | originates at the coracoid process of the scapula; inserts on the radial tuberosity of the radius |
| biceps | responsible for flexion of the elbow joint |
| long head of brachioradialis | originates lateral suprachondylar ridge on the humerus; inserts on the styloid process of the radius; elbow flexion |
| brachialis | originates on anterior surface of distal half of humerus; inserts on the coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of the ulna; elbow flexion |
| long head of triceps | originates at infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; inserts olecranon process of the ulna; elbow extension |
| lateral head of triceps brachii | originates posteroir surface of the ulna; inserts olecranon process of ulna; elbow extension |
| pronator teres | originates at medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna; inserts lateral aspect of radius and its midpoint; pronation |
| pronator quadratus | originates at distal 1/4 ulna; inserts at distal 1/4 radius; forearm pronation |
| supinator | originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna; inserts anterior surface of proximal radius; elbow supination |
| anoconeus | originates lateral epicondyle of humerus; inserts lateral and inferior to olecranon process of ulna |
| olecranon bursa | thin sac of synovial fluid cushions the olecranon process and helps soft tissue structures glide/move freely |
Created by:
jessupj17