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Lab 8: the digestive

QuestionAnswer
gastrointestinal tract Physical and chemical breakdown of food to acquire nutrients
muscular tongue Aid in manipulation of food during mastication
salivary glands Lubrication of food to assist in swallowing and secreting digestive enzymes to assist in chemical break down of food.
parotid gland Secrets saliva into buccal cavity, facilitates mastication and swallowing
submaxillary gland Secrets saliva into buccal cavity, facilitates mastication and swallowing
sublingual gland Secrets saliva into buccal cavity, facilitates mastication and swallowing
esophagus Passage of food from the mouth to the stomach
stomach Storage/treatment center for food prior to entry into in the intestine
pyloric sphincter Controls movement of food from stomach to small intestine
small intestine Majority of chemical digestion occurs here
large intestine Further treatment of foods that have resisted treatment thus far, facilitated by abundant intestinal flora.
Villi & microvilli increase surface area in intestine for absorption of nutrients
Liver (left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral, and caudate lobes) Secretes bile into the intestinal track to aid digestion; also involved in the storage and processing of nutrients.
gall bladder Stores and releases bile when food containing fat enters the digestive tract.
pancreas Secrets digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon
kidney Filters nitrogenous waste products (urea or uric acid) from the blood and maintains body fluid homeostasis by regulating water and sodium balance
thyroid gland Secrets several hormones involved in regulation of metabolism
thymus gland Lymphatic organ that is essential in immune response
greater omentum fat storage and immunity
Mandibular lymph nodes Contain lymphocytes that collect and destroy bacteria and viruses.
spleen Controls red blood cell homeostasis though their storage and destruction.
epiglottis Guards the trachea from the entry of food particles
trachea passage of air
Cartilaginous rings Prevent airway from collapsing
larynx Sound production (houses true and false vocal chords)
glottis Involved in sound production
lung Gas exchange; absorbs oxygen and expels carbon dioxide
diaphragm Increases & decreases volume of pleural cavity
heart Pumps blood through blood vessels to the lungs and body
coelom found in all vertebrates, bound in mesoderm
Unique traits in fish coelom divided into 2 cavities
transverse septum in fish, divides column into 2 cavities
pericardial cavity in fish, one of the 2 cavities of the coelom, contains the heart
pleuroperitoneal cavity in fish, one of the 2 cavities of the coelom, contains visceral organs.
pericardium found in tetrapods, closely surrounds the heart forming a reduced pericardial cavity
pleuroperitoneal cavity in other vertebrates persists in amphibians and most lepidosaurs and contains the lungs and visceral organs. This arrangement creates two main cavities within these animals
archosaurs and mammals body cavities possess four main cavities with the lungs contained separately in two cavities. The heart in the pericardial cavity. the lungs are contained separately in the paired pleural cavities. The lower viscera are contained within a peritoneal cavity.
diaphragm only found in mammals and is affixed to the transverse septum.
mediastinum only in mammals, membranous partition separating the lungs
mesenteries Within the various body cavities of vertebrates, thin membranes
rectal gland elasmobranchs, functions in salt excretion
spiral valve Chondrichthyes, interconnected transverse sheets of tissue that serves to increase the surface area for the absorption of nutrients
squalene used I elasmobranchs for buoyancy
swim bladder helps buoyancy in fish
alveoli found in tetrapods, increase the surface area for respiratory uptake of oxygen
Created by: Red1579
 

 



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