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HBS 1.2 - Muscles
term/definition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Muscles | |
| Tendon | a tough, cord-like band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone, allowing for movement when the muscle contracts. |
| 3 Types of Muscle | skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. |
| Skeletal Muscle | the voluntary muscles that are attached to bones by tendons, enabling conscious movements like walking and lifting. |
| Cardiac Muscle | the involuntary, striated muscle tissue that makes up the heart's walls, responsible for contracting to pump blood throughout the body. |
| Smooth Muscle | an involuntary muscle type found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach, intestines, bladder, and blood vessels, responsible for functions like digestion and regulating blood pressure without conscious thought. |
| Sarcomere | the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber, responsible for muscle contraction. |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | |
| Calcium Ions (Ca+2) | a calcium atom that has lost two electrons, making it positively charged. |
| Actin filaments | thin, flexible protein fibers that are a crucial part of the cell's cytoskeleton. |
| Myosin filaments | thick, organized strands of the protein myosin found in muscle cells that, along with thin actin filaments, generate force for muscle contraction |
| Troponin | a protein found in heart and skeletal muscle that, when damaged, releases into the bloodstream |
| Tropomyosin | |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | |
| Skeletal Muscle Diagram | |
| Screenshot 2023-11-08 at 6.58.48 AM.png (use this image to make a target for the 6 terms below) | |
| Endomysium | |
| Perimysium | |
| Myofibril | |
| Fascicle | |
| Epimysium | |
| Muscle Fiber / Cell | |
| 6 Muscle Rules | |
| Muscles must have at least 2 points of attachment | |
| The attachment that moves is called the Insertion; the attachment that remains stationary is the Origin | |
| Muscles must cross at least 1 joint | |
| Muscles work in opposing pairs: A muscle that decreases the angle of the joint is called a Flexor; a muscle that increases the angle of a joint is called an extensor | |
| Muscles can only pull / contract to get shorter. | |
| Macroscopic striations show the direction of muscle contraction. | |
| Muscle Fatigue | |
| Electromyogram (EMG) | |
| Tetany |
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