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Weather and Climate

unit 11

TermDefinition
1 Water cycle The continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, the oceans, and living things.
2 Evaporation The change of state from a liquid to a gas.
3 Transpiration The process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata; also the release of water vapor into the air by other organisms.
4 Sublimation The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas.
5 Condensation The change of state from a gas to a liquid.
6 Preeipitation Any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds; includes rain, snow , sleet, and hail.
7 Weather The short-term state atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and visibiliy.
8 Humidity a general term for the amount of water vapor present in the air.
9 Relative Humidity the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of water vapor currently present in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at that specific temperature and pressure.
10 Dew Point "dew point" is an absolute measure of moisture in the air, while "relative humidity" is a percentage that compares the current moisture to the maximum the air can hold at a specific temperature.
11 Air Pressure atmospheric pressure at a specific location, corrected to sea-level conditions so that pressure readings can be compared fairly across different altitudes.
12 Wind the natural movement of air (gas molecules) in the atmosphere, primarily horizontally across the Earth's surface.
13 Visibility the state of being seen or the ability to see.
14 Air Mass a large body of air in the atmosphere, often extending for hundreds or thousands of miles, that has generally uniform temperature and humidity characteristics throughout any given horizontal level.
15 Front face, façade, exterior, and forefront (as a noun), and anterior, fore, forward, and leading (as an adjective).
16 Jet Stream a fast-flowing, narrow band of air in the upper atmosphere that moves generally from west to east and plays a significant role in weather patterns.
17 Thunderstorm a fast-flowing, narrow band of air in the upper atmosphere that moves generally from west to east and plays a significant role in weather patterns.
18 Lightning a giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere or between the atmosphere and the ground.
19 Thunder the loud, rumbling, or crashing noise produced by the rapid heating and expansion of the air along the path of a lightning discharge.
20 Hurricane a powerful, rotating tropical cyclone with maximum sustained surface winds of 74 mph (119 km/h) or greater.
21 Storm Surge the abnormal rise in sea level along a coast, caused by a severe storm, that is higher than the normal astronomical tide.
22 Tornado a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground.
23 Sinkhole a depression in the ground caused by the collapse of the surface layer, which is a form of land subsidence.
24 Wildfire an uncontrolled, unplanned fire that burns in a natural area like a forest, grassland, or prairie.
25 Muck Fire A fire that burs organic material in the soil.
26 Climate The weather conditions in an area over a period of time.
27 Latitude The angular distance north or south from the equator; expressed in degrees.
28 Topography The size and shape of the land surface features of a region, including its relief.
29 Elevation The height of an object above sea level.
30 Surface Currents A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the ocean's surface.
 

 



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