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Weather and Climate
unit 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| water cycle | the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth |
| evaporation | the process where a liquid changes into a gas or vapor, which then disperses into the surrounding atmosphere |
| transpiration | the process where plants release water vapor into the atmosphere, primarily through tiny pores called stomata on their leaves |
| sublimation | the transition of a substance from solid to gas without becoming a liquid. In psychology, it is the process of converting a primitive, instinctual desire into a more socially acceptable behavior or outcome. |
| condensation | A common example is when water vapor in the air cools and turns into liquid water droplets, forming clouds, dew, or water on the outside of a cold glass. |
| precipitation | It is a crucial part of the water cycle, where water vapor condenses into clouds and then falls back to Earth when the droplets become heavy enough |
| weather | the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, defined by variables like temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and air |
| humidity | the amount of water vapor in the air |
| relative humidity | a measure of how much water vapor is in the air compared to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature |
| dew point | the temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor and condensation begins, forming dew, fog, or clouds |
| air pressure | the force exerted by the weight of the air above a surface, or the force of air molecules pushing against everything around them |
| wind | the movement of air, typically referring to the horizontal flow of air molecules in the atmosphere |
| visibility | the greatest horizontal distance at which a prominent object or light can be seen and identified, serving as a measure of atmospheric clearness. |
| air mass | a large body of air with consistent temperature and humidity characteristics throughout its volume |
| front | a boundary between two different air masses |
| jet stream | a fast-flowing, narrow air current in the upper atmosphere, typically located near the boundary between air masses of different temperatures |
| thunderstorm | A rain-bearing cloud that also produces lightning |
| lightning | the phenomenon of light and the practice of producing artificial light |
| thunder | the sound wave produced by the rapid expansion and contraction of air heated by a lightning bolt |
| hurricane | a tropical cyclone with sustained winds of at least 74 miles per hour |
| storm surge | the abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, occurring above and beyond the normal astronomical tides |
| tornado | a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground |
| sinkhole | a natural depression or hole in the ground caused by the collapse or subsidence of a surface layer into an underground void |
| wildfire | an unplanned, uncontrolled fire that burns in a natural area such as a forest, grassland, or shrubland. |
| muck fire | is a type of slow, low-temperature, flameless ground fire that occurs in highly organic soils, such as those found in wetlands, swamps, or peatlands, during prolonged drought conditions. |
| climate | long-term average of weather patterns in a specific region, typically calculated over a 30-year period |
| latitude | the measurement of distance north or south of the Earth's equator, expressed in degrees |
| topography | the study of the physical features of a landscape, including both its natural and man-made elements |
| elevation | the height of a point on the Earth's surface above a reference point, most commonly mean sea level |
| surface currents | the horizontal movement of water in the upper part of the ocean, primarily driven by winds and influenced by the Earth's rotation |
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