Question 1

muslim world timeline

Accepted Answer

Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)
Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258)
Regional Dynasties and Empires (9th-15th centuries)
Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)
Songhay Empire — 1430–1591
Safavid Empire (1501-1736)
Mughal Empire (1526-1857)

Question 2

Umayyad Caliphate

Accepted Answer

-one of the first major islamic dynasties 
-arabic

Question 3

Abbasid Caliphate

Accepted Answer

Capital: Baghdad (Iraq)
reated a Golden Age of Islam — flourishing of science, medicine, philosophy, and literature (translation of greek texts) 
Baghdad became a global center of learning (House of Wisdom).

Question 4

Ottoman Empire

Accepted Answer

Muslim Turkic warrior groups
began in 1300 in northwestern Anatolia
 Byzantine Empire, a Christian empire, was largely converted to Islam 
Constantinople, was conquered and renamed Istanbul
Devshirme, Janissaries 
sunni

Question 5

Safavid Empire

Accepted Answer

Persian 
 late 15th and early 16th centuries
shi'a 
led by an absolute monarch called Sha

Question 6

Mughal Empire

Accepted Answer

Sunni 
India 
-caused Muslim & Hindus interaction
emperor Akbar: created tolerance for hindus 
Shaykh Ahmad:  muslim philosopher, opposed cultural synthesis,  “renewer” of authentic Islam
Emerpor Aurangzeb → reversed Akhar’s policies of accommodation

Question 7

sati

Accepted Answer

where women throw themselves into the fire after the death of their husbands

Question 8

Zamindars

Accepted Answer

large local landowners in India who collected taxes for the Mughal Emperor

Question 9

Songhay Empire

Accepted Answer

West Africa 
early modern era
 relied heavily on trade because of its position to dominate the Sand Roads (gold, salt, horses)
conquired Timbuktu
Sonni Ali: participated in traditional ceremonies & accommodated Muslim merchant class

Question 10

Little Ice Age

Accepted Answer

widespread negative effects, including agricultural collapse, famine, disease, social unrest, migration, and population decline
-resulted in the GENERAL CRISIS (resulting period of political, social, and economic upheaval in the 17th century)

Question 11

Mercantilism

Accepted Answer

European economic theory argued that a thriving economy involved encouraging exports and accumulating precious metals (bullion).

Question 12

encomienda

Accepted Answer

early colonial system of forced labor where indigenous people were granted to Spanish settlers
supposed to protect the Indigenous people and teach them Christianity.
control over people
-right to labor

Question 13

hacienda

Accepted Answer

focused on extracting tribute
a later system of large landed estates that employed free or coerced laborers (native or mixed) for profit
 primarily large, self-sufficient agricultural estates
control over land 
-land

Question 14

Mestizo

Accepted Answer

multiracial population, largely of Hispanic heritage, that emerged in the colonial societies in Mexico and Peru. Because there were more Spanish men in the Americas than Spanish women, Spanish men often married Native American women.

Question 15

Mulatto

Accepted Answer

-colonial Brazil,
-concubines and liaisons among Native Americans, Africans, and Portuguese created a multiracial population with 40 different groups
-largest was EUROPEAN-AFRICAN UNION --> Portuguese called them mulattoes  (offensive term)

Question 16

Castas

Accepted Answer

separate groups, determined by racial heritage and skin color, of mestizo people.

Question 17

what was traded in the columbian exchange

Accepted Answer

Americas: 
Miaze, Potatoes, TOMATO, Peanuts, Tobacco, Chocolate 
Europe: 
  Trinkets, Liquor, GUNS, domesticated animals, sugar cane 
Africa to the new world: 
coffie bean

Question 18

Melaka

Accepted Answer

trading city 
strait of Melaca 
conquired by the portugal

Question 19

Chaco Phenomenon

Accepted Answer

period of societal and cultural development (860 and 1130 AD) in the Chaco Canyon. 
-built "Great Houses" 
- 25,000 square miles, linked 150 settlements to main centers. . Roads extended out from Chaco. -
-traded as far south as Mesoamerica.

Question 20

Pochteca

Accepted Answer

professional Aztec merchants of the 15th century who participated in large-scale trading expeditions.

Question 21

Great Zimbabwe

Accepted Answer

The Great Zimbabwe was located in central Africa between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. This civilization had large sources of gold, which were in high demand on the Swahili coast. 
 between the 11th and 15th centuries and was abandoned around 1450

History unit 2

chapters 3-4

Question	Answer
muslim world timeline	Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) Regional Dynasties and Empires (9th-15th centuries) Ottoman Empire (1299-1922) Songhay Empire — 1430–1591 Safavid Empire (1501-1736) Mughal Empire (1526-1857)
Umayyad Caliphate	-one of the first major islamic dynasties -arabic
Abbasid Caliphate	Capital: Baghdad (Iraq) reated a Golden Age of Islam — flourishing of science, medicine, philosophy, and literature (translation of greek texts) Baghdad became a global center of learning (House of Wisdom).
Regional Dynasties and Empires
Ottoman Empire	Muslim Turkic warrior groups began in 1300 in northwestern Anatolia Byzantine Empire, a Christian empire, was largely converted to Islam Constantinople, was conquered and renamed Istanbul Devshirme, Janissaries sunni
Safavid Empire	Persian late 15th and early 16th centuries shi'a led by an absolute monarch called Sha
Mughal Empire	Sunni India -caused Muslim & Hindus interaction emperor Akbar: created tolerance for hindus Shaykh Ahmad: muslim philosopher, opposed cultural synthesis, “renewer” of authentic Islam Emerpor Aurangzeb → reversed Akhar’s policies of accommodation
sati	where women throw themselves into the fire after the death of their husbands
Zamindars	large local landowners in India who collected taxes for the Mughal Emperor
Songhay Empire	West Africa early modern era relied heavily on trade because of its position to dominate the Sand Roads (gold, salt, horses) conquired Timbuktu Sonni Ali: participated in traditional ceremonies & accommodated Muslim merchant class
Hernán Cortéz
Little Ice Age	widespread negative effects, including agricultural collapse, famine, disease, social unrest, migration, and population decline -resulted in the GENERAL CRISIS (resulting period of political, social, and economic upheaval in the 17th century)
Mercantilism	European economic theory argued that a thriving economy involved encouraging exports and accumulating precious metals (bullion).
encomienda	early colonial system of forced labor where indigenous people were granted to Spanish settlers supposed to protect the Indigenous people and teach them Christianity. control over people -right to labor
hacienda	focused on extracting tribute a later system of large landed estates that employed free or coerced laborers (native or mixed) for profit primarily large, self-sufficient agricultural estates control over land -land
Mestizo	multiracial population, largely of Hispanic heritage, that emerged in the colonial societies in Mexico and Peru. Because there were more Spanish men in the Americas than Spanish women, Spanish men often married Native American women.
Mulatto	-colonial Brazil, -concubines and liaisons among Native Americans, Africans, and Portuguese created a multiracial population with 40 different groups -largest was EUROPEAN-AFRICAN UNION --> Portuguese called them mulattoes (offensive term)
Castas	separate groups, determined by racial heritage and skin color, of mestizo people.
what was traded in the columbian exchange	Americas: Miaze, Potatoes, TOMATO, Peanuts, Tobacco, Chocolate Europe: Trinkets, Liquor, GUNS, domesticated animals, sugar cane Africa to the new world: coffie bean
Melaka	trading city strait of Melaca conquired by the portugal
Chaco Phenomenon	period of societal and cultural development (860 and 1130 AD) in the Chaco Canyon. -built "Great Houses" - 25,000 square miles, linked 150 settlements to main centers. . Roads extended out from Chaco. - -traded as far south as Mesoamerica.
Pochteca	professional Aztec merchants of the 15th century who participated in large-scale trading expeditions.
Great Zimbabwe	The Great Zimbabwe was located in central Africa between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. This civilization had large sources of gold, which were in high demand on the Swahili coast. between the 11th and 15th centuries and was abandoned around 1450

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