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A&P 2 Final Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Folds in the mucous membranes of the stomach | Rugae |
| Breaks down fats. | Lipase |
| Contains the uvula. | Oral Cavity |
| Storage tank for food. | Stomach |
| This is the location where food turns into a bolus | Oral Cavity |
| The enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates. | Amylase |
| Responsible for filtering out waste products for the Digestive process. | Large Intestine |
| 10 inch long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. | Esophagus |
| The organ that creates bile. | Liver |
| The organ that stores bile. | Gallbladder |
| Starts the enzymatic breakdown of food. | Small Intestine |
| Releases bile in response to the presence of fatty content in the small intestine. | Gallbladder |
| Produces enzymes and hormones for the digestive process. | Pancreas |
| Stores, concentrates and modifies bile. | Gallbladder |
| Separated into 3 parts- the lower end is called the pylorus. | Stomach |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Deglutition | Swallowing |
| Emulsification | To dispense one liquid into another; break it down further |
| Epiglottis | Flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe |
| Bolus | Mass that is a mixture of food and saliva formed during chewing |
| Chyme | Liquid like mixture of partially digested food and digestive enzymes |
| Villi | FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONS IN THE WALL SO THE SMALL INTESTINE THAT ALLOW FOR RAPID ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS |
| Regulates the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach. | LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (AKA CARDIAC SPHINCTER) |
| Closes off the nasopharynx to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity. | Uvula |
| The three parts of the small intestine; in order. | Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum |
| Glucagon is the hormone that does what. | HORMONE THAT STIMULATES THE LIVER TO CONVERT GLYCOGEN INTO GLUCOSE WHEN NEEDED |
| List the three pairs of salivary glands and where they are located. | PAROTIDS (UNDER THE EAR); LINGUALS (UNDER THE TONGUE); SUBMANDIBULARIS (UNDER THE JAW) |
| Nocturia | URINATION AT NIGHT |
| Polyuria | EXCESSIVE URINATION |
| Dysuria | PAINFUL, DIFFICULT URINATION |
| Calculi | Kidney Stone |
| Hyperlipidemia | EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS OF FATS AND CHOLESTEROL IN BLOOD |
| The outer layer of the kidneys. | Cortex |
| Temporary reservoir for urine. | Bladder |
| Functional unit of the kidney. | Nephron |
| The duct from which urine is excreted from the body. | Urethra |
| Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. | Ureters |
| Each kidney has how many nephrons | 1 Million |
| Regulates the concentration of urine and mineral salts in the blood. RENAL PELVIS | Renal Pelvis |
| Urine is propelled into the ureters from this structure. | Renal pelvis |
| Condition characterized by swelling in between the kidney tubules. | Interstitial Nephritis |
| Center of the Kidney | Renal Pelvis |
| Group of symptoms that can appear when your kidneys aren’t functioning properly | Nephrotic Syndrome |
| Reabsorbs sugar, calcium, sodium, and chloride and regulates the ph or urine | Renal Tubule |
| An infection of the kidneys when bacteria or viruses cause problems in one or both kidneys; type of urinary tract infection. | Pyelonephritis |
| Disease that is caused by inflammation to the glomerulus. | Glomerulonephritis |
| Inner layer of the Kidneys | Medulla |
| Name the 4 lobes of the cerebrum. | FRONTAL, OCCIPITAL, PARIETAL, TEMPORAL |
| Separates the Left and Right cerebral hemispheres. | Longitudinal Fissure |
| Largest part of the brain | Cerebrum |
| Controls the Autonomic Nervous System. | Hypothalamus |
| Collective term used to describe congenital brain damage that is permanent but not progressive. | Cerebral Palsy |
| Aka Fight or Flight Nerves. | Sympathetic Nerves |
| Three parts of a neuron. | CELL BODY, 1 AXON, 1 OR MORE DENDRITES |
| The grooves and elevations of the Cerebrum. | SULCI & GYRI |
| The 2 major divisions of the Nervous System. | CNS & PNS |
| Stores and processes sensory and motor information. | CNS |
| Space between 2 nerve cells. | SYNAPSE |
| The microglia that form the myelin sheath for axons. | OLIGODENDROCYTES |
| How many pairs of each- Cranial & Spinal Nerves. | 12 CRANIAL & 31 SPINAL |
| The root word for Sheath. | THEC/O |
| A degenerative disease that progresses through stages ending with the deterioration of mental, emotional, and physical functioning. | ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE |
| Fundamental unit of the brain. | NEURON |
| Afferent nerves carry signals from where to where. | BODY TO THE BRAIN |
| What are the four parts of the Brain. | CEREBRUM, CEREBELLUM, BRAIN STEM, HYPOTHALAMUS |
| What does CSF stand for. | CEREBROSPINAL FLUID |
| What are the restful state nerves called. | PARASYPHATHETIC NERVES |
| The microglia that sheath the brain’s blood capillaries. | ASTROCYTES |
| Controls the patterns of sleep and sleep/wake cycles. | PINEAL GLAND |
| A condition in which there is abnormally slow movement. | BRADYKINESIA |
| Degenerative inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that attacks the myelin sheath of the axons. | MULITPLE SCLEROSIS |
| Degenerative, progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem’s motor system. | PARKINSON'S |
| The lens in the eye becomes progressively cloudy, losing its normal transparency is known as | CATARACT |
| Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the front part of the eyeball is known as | CONJUNCTIVITIS |
| An ocular disorder characterized by increase in intraocular pressure is known as: | GLAUCOMA |
| Another name for age related nearsightedness: | PRESBYOPIA |
| A sensation of spinning around or of having things in the room or area spinning around the person (a result of disturbance of the equilibrium) is known as: | VERTIGO |
| Progressive deterioration of the macular cells in the retina: | MACULAR DEGENERATION |
| Refractive error causing light rays entering the eye to be focused irregularly on the retina due to an abnormally shaped cornea: | ASTIGMATISM |
| Occurs as consequence of long-term or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus; Tissues of retina experience scarring: | DIABETIC RETINOPATHY |
| Inability to sharply perceive visual colors: | COLOR BLINDNESS |
| Failure of eyes to gaze in the same direction due to weakness in the muscles controlling the position of the eye: | STRABISMUS |
| Transforms sound into signals that get sent to the brain | Cochlea |
| Includes the smallest bone in the body. | Ossicles |
| Transparent layer that covers the colored portion of the eye: | Cornea |
| The three tiny bones in the middle ear. | Ossicles |
| Term for nearsightedness. | Myopia |
| Colored portion of the eye. | Iris |
| Aka the earlobe, auricle | Pinna |
| White portion of the eye. | Sclera |
| Also called the eustachian tube. | Auditory Tube |
| Term for farsightedness | Hyperopia |
| True organ of hearing. | Organ of Corti |
| Calc/o | Calcium |
| Natr/o | Sodium |
| Cortic/o | Cortex |
| Kal/i | Potassium crin/o C |
| Dips/o | Thirst |
| Crin/o | Secrete |
| Large in fetus and infants. | Thymus Gland |
| Controls all the body's glands. | Pituitary Gland |
| Controls the autonomic nervous system | Hypothalamus |
| Secretes Insulin. | Pancreas |
| Decreases the excretion of large amounts of urine. | ADH |
| Also known as the Master Gland. | Pituitary Gland |
| Secretes hormones that maintain pregnancy, should it occur. | Ovaries |
| Controls the body’s internal balance- Homeostasis | Hypothalamus |
| Secretes thymosin and thymopoietin, which activate B cells. | Thymus Gland |
| Helps regulate the body’s retention of water. | ADH (antidiuretic hormone) |
| Regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and tissue | Growth Hormone (GH) |
| Contains the islets of langerhans. | Pancreas |
| Controls the body's wake/sleep cycles. | Pineal Gland |
| Another name for mineral salts. | Electrolytes |
| Chemical that affects the function of a specific organ. | Hormone |
| Also called the ductus deferens | Vas Deferens |
| Also known as the foreskin. | Prepuce |
| Tip of the penis. | Glans Penis |
| Where sperm become motile. | Epididymis |
| Produces sperm. | Testes |
| Mature sperm are stored here. | Epididymis |
| Also called the Bulbourethral gland. | Cowper's Gland |
| Straight tube continuous with the epididymis. | Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens) |
| Secretes seminal fluid | Seminal Vesicle |
| Opening at the tip of the penis | External Urinary Meatus |
| Secretes testosterone. | Testes |
| Aids in expelling semen from the body. | Prostate Gland |
| Pea shaped exocrine gland that secretes fluid into the urethra | Cowper's Gland |
| Merges with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct. | Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens) |
| Transports alkaline secretions which increase the motility of sperm. | Prostate Gland |
| Sexually transmitted virus that causes fleshy growths to appear in and around the male and female genitalia | Genital Warts |
| Inflammation of the glans penis | Balanitis |
| Condition with 3 factors that causes bent erections. | Peyronie's Disease |
| Tightness of the prepuce of the penis that prevents it from being pulled back. | Phimosis |
| Condition of undescended testicle(s) | CRYPTORCHIDISM |
| Provides for fetal respiration, nutrition, excretion. | Placenta |
| In the female system, these 2 small glands secrete a mucus substance that helps to provide lubrication during sexual intercourse | Bartholin's Glands |
| Fatty tissue that covers and protects the symphysis pubis. | Mons Pubis |
| Outer layer of fetal membrane. | Chorion |
| Removal of the breast, chest muscles, and lymph nodes on the affected side is called. | Modified Radical Mastectomy |
| Muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva. | Vagina |
| An infection in the tissue of this structure is known as Mastitis. | Breasts |
| Also known as fertilization | Conception |
| Source of monthly menstrual flow if pregnancy does not occur. | Uterus |
| Also known as the fetal membrane. | Amniotic Sac |
| Also known as the breasts. | Mammary Glands |
| Pregnancy is divided into three. | Trimesters |
| Also known as the uterine tubes. | Fallopian Tubes |
| Almond shaped pair of glands held in place by ligaments. | Ovaries |
| Period of life in which the ability to reproduce begins. | Puberty |
| Bartholin’s Gland. | SECRETES A MUCOID SUBSTANCE THAT LUBRICATES THE VAGINA |
| Zygote. | INITIAL NAME FOR A FERTILIZED OVUM |
| Ectopic Pregnancy. | ABNORMAL IMPLANTATION OF AN OVUM OUTSIDE OF THE UTERINE CAVITY |
| Leukorrhea. | WHITE VAGINAL DISCHARGE |
| Dysmenorrhea | PAINFUL MENSTRUATION |
| Amenorrhea | ABSENCE OF MENSTRUATION |
Created by:
MsKim6399