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Activities and quizzes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ____ nervous system is a complex network of nerve pathways embedded in the intestinal wall with a network of integrators and feedback loops that can act somewhat independently. | Enteric |
| Structural classification of neurons | bipolar, unipolar, multipolar |
| The _____ of a neuron is a single process that usually extends from a tapered portion of the cell body | axon |
| Neuro cells that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid | Ependymal cells |
| The somatic nervous system carries information to the | Skeletal muscles |
| Chemical signals diffuse between neurons ant this location | Synapse |
| A signal conduction route to and from the central nervous system is a | Reflex arc |
| Region of a neuron with the name that means "little hill" | Axon hillock |
| What term describes the bundles of nerve fibers within the central nervous system? | Tracts |
| Axon dendritic synapses occur between synaptic knobs and ________ on a proximal neuron | Dendrites |
| The longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron | Axon |
| The most abundant category of glial cells in the CNS | Astrocytes |
| The region of a schwann cell that is essential to normal nerve growth and the regeneration of injured nerve fibers | Neurilemma |
| The region of the neuron where neurotransmitters are released | Synaptic knobs |
| The glial cells that help form the blood-brain barrier are the | astrocytes |
| Bundles of myelinated fibers make up the | white matter of the nervous system |
| These have very limited capacity to repair themselves | Neurons |
| Nerves that originate from the brain are called ____ nerves | Cranial |
| Excitable cells that conduct impulses are called | neurons |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into the _____ divisions | Parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| A cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system | oligodendrocytes |
| The _____ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron | Axon Terminal |
| The regions of the neuron direct electrical currents towards the cell body | Dendrites |
| The structural and functional center of the entire nervous system is the _____ nervous system. | Central |
| Which glia cells are located in the peripheral nervous system? | Schwann cells |
| This is the site of communication between neurons | synapse |
| The gaps between schwann cells that are known as myelin sheath gaps | nodes of Ranvier |
| These facts describe what structure? It is associated with white fibers in the brain. It is important for nerve impulse conduction. It is destroyed in those with MS | Myelin sheath |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: | a neurilemma |
| Astrocytes attach to: | neurons and blood vessels |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: | myelinated fibers |
| Functions of CNS | Integrating sensory information, evaluating the information, initiating an outgoing response |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a | sensory neuron |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _______ neuron | multipolar |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called ___ nerves | sensory |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ____ nervous system | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Which compound can not cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| The deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? | Endoneurium |
| Functions of the nervous system: | Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is | astrocytes |
| This area always consists of an afferent neuron and efferent neuron | Reflex arc |
| Gray matter in the brain cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies |
| There are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons in the ________ system | Nervous |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for what 2 reasons: | There is no neurolemma in cells of the CNS. Astrocytes fill in the path of regrowth. |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually | Sensory neurons |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies | toward |
| Multipolar neurons have: | multiple dendrites and one axon |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system |
| The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is closed circuit. T or F | False |
| Interneurons reside in the: | CNS only |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the | Astrocytes |
| The nervous system can be divided: | according to its structure, according to direction of information flow, by control of effectors |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, and axon |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: | nuclei |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate | skeletal muscles |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: | carry feedback information to integrating centers int he brain. |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: | perineurium |
| Area in the brain that means Four bodies | corpora quadrigemina |
| Which area of the brain produces CSF in all four ventricles of the brain | Choroid plexus |
| If you trace the axon inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber branches along which pathway? | *synapses with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron *sends ascending or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia *passes through one or more ganglia without synapsing |
| The two efferent divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the | sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. |
| Area in the brain that is characterized by huge neurons known as pyramidal cells | cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala |
| The dorsal root of each spinal nerve is easily recognized ass a swelling called the | dorsal root ganglion |
| which area receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye | visual cortex |
| Which region of the brain that has the greatest surface area due to the numerous surface convolutions | Cerebral cortex |
| The functional neural connection between the pons and the spinal cord. | Medulla Oblongata |
| Large fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the | Ventricles |
| The ventral rami of most spinal nerves subdivide to form complex networks called | plexuses |
| The three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem are the | medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons. |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord? | 31 |
| Which area of the brain controls the motor movements necessary for speaking? | Broca's area |
| Spinal cord tracts provide conduction paths to and from the brain. The tracts that conduct sensory impulses down the cord from the brain are called _____ tracts. | descending |
| Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the | choroid plexus. |
| Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the | gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord |
| light pressure receptors found in the epidermis | epithelial tactile complexes (Merkel discs) |
| Individual nerves that emerge from the _____ plexus innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm. | brachial |
| Corpuscle that is responsive to light pressure | tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle |
| structure where cranial nerve fibers from the retina cross to the opposite side of the brain | optic chiasm |
| Corpuscle that rapidly adapts to deep pressure stimuli | lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle) |
| an area of white matter where axons from one cerebral hemisphere cross the midline to the opposite hemisphere | corpus callosum |
| A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors is the _____ nervous system. | autonomic nervous system |
| The lower end of the spinal cord, with its attached spinal nerve roots, gives the appearance of a horse’s tail called the | cauda equina |
| Area in the brain important for understanding spoken words | Wernicke's area |
| The inner protective covering of the brain is called the | meninges. |
| the cranial nerve that has three major branches | trigeminal ganglion |
| The enteric nervous system is made up of a complex network of nerve plexuses that control the visceral effectors in the | intestinal wall. |
| What are the plexus' of the spinal nerves? | Cervical Brachial Lumbar |
| The spinal ganglion can be found on the _____ of the spinal nerve | dorsal nerve root |
| The part of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is the | limbic system. |
| Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial. | tenth |
| There are _____ ventricles in the brain | four |
| Several “vital centers” are located in the: | medulla. |
| Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals. T or F | True |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. T or F | True |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? | Pineal gland |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. | motor and sensory |
| The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: | about 90% of the population. |
| The pyramids are formed in the: | medulla. |
| The spinal tract is located on the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord in the _____ tract. | lateral corticospinal |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| The peripheral nervous system includes: | only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. |
| The brain has _____ major divisions | six |
| Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs. T or F | True |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: | sensory. |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? | Brachial |
| How many lumbar nerve pairs are there? | 5 |
| The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the: | dura mater. |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons | * they secrete acetylcholine *dendrites and cell bodies are found in the lateral gray columns of thoracic and the first four lumbar segments of the spinal cord |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the: | pia mater. |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem T or F | False |
| Which of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve? | Zygomatic nerve |
| Facts about the spinal cord | The spinal cord does not completely fill the spinal cavity. One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord. The spinal cord has anterior and posterior grooves that almost divide the cord into symmetrical halves. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal, and _____, and is absorbed back into the blood. | subarachnoid space |
| The brainstem includes the: | Pons, medulla and midbrain |
Created by:
aarellano123