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chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acromegaly | a condition caused by oversecretion of growth hor- mone in adults, resulting in accelerated growth in the face and extremities |
| Addison disease | a condition in which the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough corticosteroid hormones, resulting in fatigue, lack of energy, low blood pressure, loss of appetite, and weight loss; also called adrenal insufficiency |
| adenocarcinoma | a cancerous tumor of a gland or glandular tissue |
| adrenocorticotropic | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that trig- gers the release of adrenal gland hormones |
| adrenomegaly | a condition in which one or both adrenal glands are enlarged |
| aldosterone | a hormone released by the adrenal glands that helps regulate potassium, chloride, and bicarbon- ate levels, as well as pH, blood volume, and blood pressure |
| antidiuretic | a hormone that plays a role in controlling how much water the kidneys retain, affecting fluid bal- ance in the body; it also affects blood pressure |
| congenital hypothyroidism | a form of hypothyroidism that affects infants and children; can stunt growth and development and cause intellectual deficits; formerly called cretinism |
| Cushing Syndrome | a condition causing weight gain, especially in the stomach and upper back, a rounded face, high blood pressure, weakness, and fatigue; may be caused by the adrenal cortex secreting too many hormones or, more commonly, as a side effect of certain type |
| diabetes | a condition in which the pancreas produces no insulin, too little insulin, or the bodyʼs cells do not properly use insulin; also called diabetes mellitus |
| diabetes insipidus | a condition that occurs when the pituitary gland does not secrete enough antidiuretic hormone to maintain homeostasis, causing overexcretion of wa- tery urine; unrelated to diabetes mellitus. |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | a complication of diabetes that is caused when hav- ing too little insulin in the body leads to an excess of ketones in the blood |
| diabetic retinopathy | a complication of diabetes caused by damage to the retina; causes spots, blurred vision, and difficulty seeing well at night and may lead to blindness |
| endocrinologist | a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats condi- tions of the endocrine system |
| endocrinology | the medical specialty related to the endocrine system |
| exophthalmos | the abnormal forward protrusion of the eyes; may be a symptom of hyperthyroid conditions |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that acts on the gonads, triggering estrogen production in females and sperm production in males; also called FSH |
| gestational | a type of diabetes that appears in people who have never had diabetes before but who have high glu- cose levels during pregnancy |
| gigantism | a condition caused by oversecretion of growth hor- mone in children, resulting in excessive height and body size |
| glycosuria | a condition in which a high level of sugar is present in urine |
| goiter | an enlarged thyroid gland |
| Graves disease | an autoimmune condition that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism |
| growth hormone | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that regu- lates body growth and development |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | an autoimmune disorder that is a common cause of hypothyroidism |
| hypercalcemia | a condition in which there is an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood; commonly associated with hyperparathyroidism |
| hyperglycemia | a condition in which there is an abnormally high level of sugar in the blood; commonly associated with diabetes |
| hyperkalemia | a condition in which there is an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood; may be related to endocrine disorders |
| hyperparathyroidism | a condition in which too much parathyroid hormone is secreted, resulting in the removal of calcium from the bones and too much calcium in the blood |
| hyperpituitarism | a condition in which there is excess secretion of one or more pituitary hormones |
| hyperthyroidism | a condition in which the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, causing body processes to speed up |
| hypocalcemia | a condition of low levels of calcium in the blood; may be related to endocrine disorders |
| hypoglycemia | a complication of diabetes in which low blood sugar results from either too much insulin or too little food; also called insulin reaction |
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joan672029