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ch. 10 term cards
chapter 10 terminology cards to study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acromegaly | a condition caused by overseciton of growth hormone in adults, resulting in accelerated growth in the face and extremities |
| Addison disease | a condition in which the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough corticosteroid hormones, resulting in fatigue, lack of energy, low blood pressure, loss of appetite, and weight loss; also called adrenal insufficiency |
| adenocarcinoma | a cancerous tumor of a gland or glandular tissue |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | a hormone released by pituitary gland that triggers the release of adrenal gland hormones |
| adrenomegaly | a condition in which one or both adrenal glands are enlarged |
| aldosterone | a hormone released by the adrenal glands that helps regulate potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate levels, as well as pH, blood volume, and blood pressure |
| antidiuretic hormone | a hormone that plays a role in controlling how much water the kidneys retain, affecting fluid balance in the body; it also affects blood pressure |
| congenital hypothyroidism | a form of hypothyroidism that affects infants and children; can stunt growth and development and cause intellectual deficits; formerly called cretinism |
| Cushing syndrome | condition causing weight gain, especially in the stomach, upper back, a rounded face, high blood pressure, weakness, and fatigue; may by caused by the adrenal cortex secreting too many hormones or as a side effect of certain types of medications |
| diabetes | a condition in which the pancreas produces no insulin, too little insulin, or the body's cells do not properly use insulin; also called diabetes mullitus |
| diabetes insipidus | a condition that occurs when the pituitary gland does not secrete enough antidiuretic hormone to maintain homeostasis, causing overexcretion of watery urine; unrelated to diabetes mellitus |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | a complication of diabetes that is caused when having too little insulin in the body leads to an excess of ketones in the blood |
| diabetic retinopathy | a complication of diabetes caused by damage to the retina; causes spots, blurred vision, and difficulty seeing well at night and may lead to blindness |
| endocrinologist | a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the endocrine system |
| endocrinology | the medical specialty related to the endocrine system |
| exophthalmos | the abnormal forward protrusion of the eyes; may be a symptom of hyperthyroid conditions |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that acts on the gonads, triggering estrogen production in females and sperm production in males; also called FSH |
| gestational diabetes | a type of diabetes that appears in people who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy |
| gigantism | a condition caused by oversecretion of growth hormone in children, resulting in excessive height and body size |
| glycosuria | a condition in which a high level of sugar is present in urine |
| goiter | en enlarged thyroid gland |
| Graves disease | an autoimmune condition that is the most common cause by hyperthyroidism |
| growth hormone | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that regulates body growth and development |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | an autoimmune disorder that is a common cause of hypothyroidism |
| hypercalcemia | a condition in which there is an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood; commonly associated with hyperparathyroidism |
| hyperglycemia | a condition in which there is an abnormally high level of sugar in the blood; commonly associated with diabetes |
| hyperkalemia | a condition in which there is an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood; may be related to endocrine disorders |
| hyper parathyroaidism | a condition in which too much parathyroid hormone is secreted, resulting in the removal of calcium from the bones and too much calcium in the blood |
| hyperpituitarism | a condition in which there is excess secretion of one or more pituitary hormones |
| hyperthyroidism | a condition in which the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, causing body processes to speed up |
| hypocalcemia | a condition of low levels of calcium in the blood; may be related to endocrine disorders |
| hypoglycemia | a complication of diabetes in which low blood sugar results from either too much insulin or too little food; also called insulin reaction |
| hypokalemia | a condition of having low levels of potassium in the blood; may be related to endocrine disorders, diurectic medications, or other causes |
| hyponatremia | a condition of having low levels of sodium (salt) in the blood; may be related to endocrine disorders |
| hypoparathyroidism | a condition caused by levels of parathyroid hormone that are too low; results in low calcium levels in the blood |
| hypopituitarism | a condition in which there is insufficient secretion of one or more pituitary hormones |
| hypothyroidism | a condition in which the body lacks thyroid hormone, causing body processes to slow down |
| insulin | a hormone released by the pancreas that works to move glucose from the blood and into the cells for energy for the body |
| luteinizing | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation in females and testosterone production in males |
| myxedema | a condition that may occur as a complication of untreated hypothyroidism, causing swollen facial features, confusion, impaired speech, and lethargy |
| parathyroid hormone | a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that helps the body regulate levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in the blood |
| peripheral neuropathy | a complication of diabetes resulting in numbness, pain, or tingling of the legs and/or feet |
| pituitary adenoma | a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that usually does not cause symptoms |
| pituitary dwarfism | a condition that causes a failure to grow at a normal rate; caused by undersecretion of growth hormone |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst; may be a symptom of diabetes |
| polyphagia | excessive hunger; may be a symptom of diabetes |
| polyuria | excessive urination; may be a sign of diabetes |
| prediabetes | a condition that occurs when a person's blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes |
| prolactin | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates mammary glands in the breasts to produce milk |
| thyroid cancer | a general term for cancer of the thyroid gland |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone | a hormone released. y the pituitary gland that triggers the release of thyroid gland hormones |
| thyrotoxic | a condition in which a sudden rise in thyroid hormones in the body causes palpitations, tachycardia, confusion, and dyspnea; also called thyroid storm |
| thyroxine | the primary form if thyroid hormone; secreted directly by the thyroid gland and converted by the body into triiodothyronine |
| triiodothyronine | the form of thyroid hormone that acts directly on cells to affect metabolism; also called T3 |
| type 1 diabetes | a type of diabetes in which the pancreas produces no insulin or too little insulin; is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and will continue throughout a person's life |
| type 2 diabetes | a common form of diabetes in which either the body does not produce enough insulin or the body fails to properly use insulin; typically develops after age 35 and is the milder form of diabetes |
Created by:
gmreyes