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Nuclear Chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| radiation | Particles (parts of the nucleus) emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay. |
| Nuclear Chemistry | the subfield of Chemistry that deals with how the nucleus changes...either naturally or by us. |
| Nuclide | Refers to the nucleus of an atom. |
| nucleons | proton or neutron |
| isotope notation | Nuclear notation mass - top left atomic number - bottom left symbol - middle |
| hyphen notation | Carbon - 12 |
| Mass and charge of proton | mass 1 charge +1 |
| Mass and charge of neutron | mass 1 charge 0 |
| Mass and charge of electron | mass 0 charge -1 |
| nuclear binding energy | The small amount of energy that is released when a nucleus is formed. It’s also the energy required to break the nucleus apart again |
| The general trend | as nucleus increases so does nuclear binding energy until Iron. Then it decreases due to nucleus being to big |
| Nuclear stablility | As the number of protons INCREASES the stability of the nucleus DECREASES. (Positive forces are fighting nuclear forces) |
| Repulsive forces | Protons |
| Nuclear forces | Neutrons |
| What is needed to stabilize a nucleus | Neutrons |
| Can all elements be stable? | No, Everything bigger than Bismuth [Bi] #83, is radioactive (unstable) because there are so many protons |
| Marie curie | Discovered Radium and Polonium while working with Uranium substances. |
| Transmutation | a nuclear process that changes an atom from one element to another by altering the number of protons in its nucleus (ex. radioactive decay) |
| Half-Life | the time it takes for a substance to reduce to 50% of its initial amount |
| Fission | the splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus into lighter nuclei |
| Fusion | the combining of two light nuclei to form a heavier one |
| The total mass before a reaction is greater than the mass after | Fusion and FIssion |
| The rate can be safely controlled in power plants | Fission |
| The reaction between Sodium ion and Chlorine ion | Neither Fusion or fission |
| It occurs in the sun and other stars | Fusion |
| It is used in atomic bombs | Fission |
| It is used in the hydrogen bomb | Fusion |
| Mass is converted into energy using the equation E=mc2 | Fusion and Fission |
| A chain reaction is needed to keep this reaction going | Fission |
| Limits the number of neutrons | Control rods |
| Removes heat from the system safely | condenser |
| Drives an electric generator | Turbine |
| Provides neutrons with its fission | fuel rods |
| Prevents escape of radiation | shielding |
| Allows steam to go back to water to be used again | cooling tower |
| Produces the electricity | generator |
| Provides the steam to turn the turbines | steam generator |
| Alpha emission | an unstable nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons in the form of an alpha particle (He) The nuclide atomic number changes by -2 and mass nuber by -4 |
| Beta emission | a neutron in the nucleus transforms into a proton, emitting a high-energy electron (beta particle) Increases daughter nucli by adding 1 to the atomic number |
| Gamma emission | an unstable atomic nucleus in an excited, high-energy state releases its excess energy in the form of a high-energy photon, known as a gamma ray. ( gamma ray is 0,0 ) no change to daughter nucli |
| Positron emission | an unstable nucleus transforms a proton into a neutron, releasing a positron (a positively charged electron) daugter nucli decreases atomic number by one |
| Electron Capture. | an unstable nucleus captures an inner atomic electron, converting a proton into a neutron On the left side of the arrow, daughter nucli decreases atomic number by one. |
Created by:
ayusudarsana12