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Social Studies
Chapter 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Assimilate | to become a part of a culture, adopt its customs |
| Ethnic group | groups of people from the same nationality |
| Nativists | people who were against the immigrants, they wanted a white, English speaking , Protestant population. |
| Emma Lazarus | American poet, wrote the poem at the base of the Statue of Liberty |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | anti-immigrant legislation- prevented Chinese workers from immigrating to US for 10 years but then extended that time limit twice |
| Immigration Act of 1917 | required immigrants to be able to read and write in some language before coming to the USA |
| Where the immigrants were from | Eastern and southern Europeans (ex. Greeks, Russians, Italians, etc.) |
| How the immigrants struggled | They did not speak the language, were Catholic, Jewish, etc., had different customs and traditions and they did not fit in |
| Immigrants push | people left countries due to economic problems, overcrowding, lack of jobs or land, crop failures, machinery replacing the worker, etc. |
| Immigrants pull | people drawn to America due to economic opportunity, jobs, Homestead Act, gold rush, religious freedom, political freedom, etc. |
| steerage | the lower decks of a ship and they were crowded and unpleasant |
| The difficult trip for the immigrants | they needed to get to a seaport and then to a ship - a very long journey - they had to buy the cheapest tickets and therefore had the worst accommodations. |
| Ellis Island NY | it was the processing center for the immigrants in NY - people went through questioning and health exams - could be refused admittance - the examiner did not speak the language. |
| Angel Island CA | it was the processing center for the immigrants in California – same experience – a lot of prejudice against the Chinese |
| Discrimination against foreigners | Afraid of competition for jobs/ Fear of lower wages, they wanted a familiar society with majority of white English speaking Americans |
| Tenement | building where many families lived together – poor – dangerous - dirty poor, run down urban neighborhood- lots of tenements, very crowded |
| Slum | poor, run down urban neighborhood- lots of tenements, very crowded |
| Suburb | residential areas outside the cities - middle class |
| Gilded age | the time period where the few super rich lived well but the many poor lived in squalor |
| Gild | a thin layer of gold |
| Settlement house- | houses set up to help the poor and the immigrants-provided child care, some schooling, language classes, assistance, etc. |
| Hull House | -famous settlement house set up by Jane Addams in Chicago |
| Jane Addams | created the Hull House -1st women to receive Nobel Peace prize for this |
| Urban | city |
| City growth | many immigrants came over for work and stayed – needed to live near factories - women had more time due to technology and started working - African Americans came for new opportunities as did the Native Americans. |
| Cities becoming a hazardous place to live | They were overcrowded and not well planned - no sanitation system/garbage collection - quick built buildings of wood led to fires – disease - low mortality for children - crime - many homeless and orphaned children - gangs formed |
| Settlement house helping immigrants | Provided them with a place to get food, learn English child care and recreation programs |
| Realism | true to life |
| Regionalism | depicts life in one area |
| Vaudeville | variety shows with dancing, singing, comedy and magic acts |
| Jazz | new type of music which combined rhythms from work songs, gospel songs and used African beats. |
| Ragtime | close to jazz, very upbeat |
| George Washington Carver- | African American, developed methods of farming - example peanuts |
| Mark Twain | wrote true to time period and region (Huck Finn, Tom Sawyer) |
| Increased need for education | So they would be better citizens - government business and reformers became aware of how uneducated common people were |
| Philosophy of education | Shape character of students and make them into good citizens, teach facts |
| Land-grant College | states use money to create - allow women’s education |
| Education opportunities | Very few for the African Americans Job training schools for the Native Americans White men had the best opportunities-the rest have few opportunities and are segregated. |
| Newspaper getting more attention | More people educated and can read, Carnegie creates public library system |
| Yellow Journalism | sensational writing – full of exaggerations |
| Joseph Pulitzer | “ NY World” catch interest with cartoons, illustrations and sensationalism - mass circulation to more people - also magazines for women |
| William Randolph Hearst | “My Morning Journal” - yellow journalism - very popular due to extreme stories |
Created by:
Rylan Laura