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UNIT 2 HISTORY
10/29/25, The First Global Age
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Columbus | Italian navigator who sailed for Spain and his voyage made a permanent link between the Americas and Europe |
| Pizarro | Conquistador who set out for treasure He conquered Inca and Peru |
| Caravel | a light ship with triangular sails and was also borrowed from Arab prototypes |
| Mercantillism | an economic system in which government protects and regulates trade to create wealth at the expense of rival powers |
| Columbian Exchange | the creation of regular interchange between the Eastern and Western hemispheres and the integration of previously isolated peoples into global networks |
| Balboa | crossed through Panama with his crew, and they became the first Eurpoeans to see the Pacific Ocean |
| Cortes | launched an invasion of Mexico in 1519 with about 500 men (conquered the Aztecs) |
| Circumnavigate | travel all around the world (Magellan) |
| Conquistadors | the Spanish soldiers and adventurers who led the conquest of the Americas |
| Atahaulpa | newly appointed Inca emporer who invited Pizarro and his soldiers to a meeting in the northern part of Peru |
| Capitalism | businesses are privately owned and exist to make profits |
| Northwest Passage | a sea route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific by a series of artic northern Canadian islands |
| Vasco da Gama | began exploring the east African coast and crossed the Indian Ocean to India (knowledge of sea routes and Indian Ocean ports) |
| joint-stock company | sold shares of stock to investors who became partners in the venture |
| Dutch East India Co. | Europe's largest commercial enterprise of the 17th century |
| Olaudah Equiano | an African American slave who wrote about his experience and horrors of slavery in his slave narrative |
| triangular trade | a network of trade which connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the 1500s through the 1800s |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | the first European to set foot in Florida, and he claimed it for Spain |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | from 1540 to 1542 Coronado and his men explored what is now California and parts of the South (7 cities of Cibola) (Silver and Gold) ^^^Also gab gave me all her answers bc I wasn't there so tell her if they don't make sense btw^^^^ |
| Middle Passage | the journey across the Atlantic from Western Africa to the Americas |
| What was the main historical significance of Prince Henry the Navigator? | Established a navigation school |
| An expidition led by Ferdinand Magellan was the first to accomplish what? | Circumnavigation |
| What was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas? | Established the Line of Demarcation |
| Which Spanish explorer invaded the Inca Empire and killed the Inca emporer Atahualpa? | Pizarro |
| Who ruled the Netherlands as a collection of provinces before the Dutch won independence? | spain |
| What was the impact of Vasco de Gama's exploration? | Went to the Indian Ocean, found the sea route |
| How did Portugal gain an important trade advantage by controlling the Strait of Hormuz? | They could tax Muslims |
| Who discovered a direct sea route to India across the Indian Ocean? | Vasco da Gama |
| What did Henry Hudson accomplish while searching for the Northwest Passage? | He went to Albany, NY and established a trading post |
| The Dutch East India Company was the first company to do what? | sell shares of their business |
| The Spanish king divided his american empire into which two viceroyalties? | New Spain and Peru |
| Which of the following did not contribute to the defeat of Tenochtitlan | the fact that they were outnumbered |
| What was one way the Columbian Exchange impacted Asia? | American foods were introduced |
| Which American foods became European diet staples through the Columbian Exchange | potatoes and corn |
| How was the Dutch East India Company a forerunner of modern capitalism? | citizens could buy shares of the company |
| Which group was at the top of the colonial Spanish social order? | Peninsulares |
| Who grew and processed sugarcane on Portuguese plantations in Brazil? | African and Brazillian slaves |
| Which of the following is a way that enslaved workers commonly showed resistance? | They slowed down their work |
| How did many Europeans justify their treatment of Africans on the Middle Passage? | their race was inferior to theirs |
| What products were commonly transported to Africa via the triangular trade? | guns and cloth |
| Who was the first to see the Pacific Ocean? | Balboa |
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