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Insect Lab 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Holometabolous: | these insects go through full metamorphosis to grow from larvae to adult. |
| Hymenoptera: | ants, bees, wasps, sawflies. Holometabolous. Characterized by hamuli (small hooks holding forewings and hindwings together), two compound eyes, usually chewing mouthparts, some also have proboscis (bees). May have a stinger (modified ovisposter). |
| Proboscis: | elongated sucking mouthpart. |
| Megaloptera “big wing:” | common name is dobsonflies, fishflies, alderflies. Holometabolous. Adults are characterized by large dark membranous wings, large lateral eyes, square-ish protonum, can have feathered or single antennae, chewing mouthparts, no cerci. |
| Megaloptera Larvae: | aquatic larvae, big mandibles, tactile filaments on abdomen → these structures may be gills in some species. Larvae crawl out of the water and pupate in the soil. |
| Megaloptera Size: | 10 to 90 mm (LARGE!) |
| Neuroptera “nerve wing:” | common name is lacewings, antlions, owlflies, mantidflies, holometabolous, adults characterized by large membranous transparent wings, lots of distinct venation, wings relatively equal size, chewing mandibles, adults can resemble other insects |
| Antlions Vs. Odonata (How to tell them apart): | antlion can fold wings over abdomen, has longer and clubbed antennae, no pterostigma. Meanwhile, damselfly cannot fold wings, short antenna, pterostigma. |
| Mantidfly Vs. Praying Mantis (How to tell them apart): | mantidfly has all four wings membraneous, clear, smaller insects, hold legs differently. Meanwhile, praying mantis has two tegmina covering membranous wings, larger insects, hold legs differently. |
| Brown Lacewing Vs. Bark Lice (How to tell them apart): | brown lacewings have wings of equal length, wings have more veins, no prominent gap between head and thorax. Bark lice have unequal length wings, wings have more veins, and have prominent gap between head and thorax. |
| Neuroptera Larvae: | elongated chewing mandibles, very diverse larval morphology |
| Coleoptera “shield wing:” | common name is beetles, holometabolous, most diverse of all of the orders, 25% of all described animal species, adults characterized elytra (shielded forewings), elytra cover whole abdomen, have chewing mouthparts, variable shaped antennae |
| Coleoptera Larvae: | all soft-bodied, diversity in body shape and habitat |
| Trichoptera “hair wing:” | holometabolous, adults characterized by threadlike anteannae, hold their wings like a tent; bristly, often hairy wings. Chewing mouthparts (if present). |
| Trichoptera Larvae: | aquatic larvae, chewing mouthparts, build cases, domes, or nests; abdominal gills, terminal anal claw for attaching self on bottom of river when it is time to spin pupal case |
| Lepidoptera “scale wing:” | common name is butterflies, moths, molometabolous, very diverse order, adults characterized by large often colorful/patterned wings, scales on wings, almost all mouthparts modified into proboscis “sucking mouthparts.” |
| Lepidoptera Larvae: | caterpillars, chewing mouthparts, three pairs of real legs towards the head, 5 pairs of prolegs that will become reduced after metamorphosis. |
| Hymenoptera (Bees) Vs. Lepidoptera (Moth): | bees have no scales on the wings, bees have a constricted abdomen, has stinger. Lepidoptera have scales on wings, no constricted abdomen, no stinger |
| Trichoptera (Caddisflies) Vs. Lepidoptera (Microlepidoptera, small moths): | trichoptera have hairs on wings, chewing mouthparts. The lepidoptera have scales on wings, proboscis. |
| Siphonaptera “tube no wing:” | CN is fleas, holometabolous, adults characterized by saltatorial legs (jumping legs), no wings, piercing mouthparts, most have pronotal and genal combs (look like mustache), flat longitudinally, round abdomen that will fill with blood after meal |
| Siphonaptera Larvae: | look like little “blood-filled” worms, non-blood feeding; eat organic debris. |
| Mecoptera “long wing:” | common name is scorpionflies, hangingflies. Holometabolous, adults characterized by extended head and rostrum, horse-like. Large eyes on either side of head, ocelli in middle, forewings and hindwings near equal size, chewing mouthparts |
| Diptera “two wing:” | common name is flies, holometabolism, very diverse order, adults characterized by hindwings are reduced into halteres, fluid feeders, variable. Only adult species with two wings. |
| Diptera Larvae: | diverse morphology, sometimes aquatic, sometimes terrestrial, legless |
| Mecoptera (hanging fly) Vs. Diptera (cranefly): | Mecoptera has four wings, chewing mouthparts, and a horse-like rostrum. Diptera has two wings, two halteres, non chewing mouthparts |
| Hymenoptera (wasp) Vs. Diptera (hover fly): | Wasps have four wings, constricted abdomen, chewing mouthparts. Hover flies have two wings, two halteres, no constricted abdomen, non chewing mouthparts. |
| Larvae You Need To Know: | megaloptera and trichoptera |
| Nine Orders Total: | hymenoptera, megaloptera, neuroptera, coleoptera, trichoptera, lepidoptera, siphonaptera, mecoptera, diptera |
| Slide 41 Answers: | Trichoptera, neuroptera |
| Slide 42 Answers: | Coleoptera, coleoptera, neuroptera, megaloptera |
| Slide 43 Answers: | hymenoptera, trichoptera, megaloptera |
| Slide 44 Answers: | neuroptera, lepidoptera |
| Slide 45 Answers: | diptera, hymenoptera |
| Slide 46 Answers: | megaloptera, diptera, siphonaptera |
| What is the most diverse insect order? | Coleoptera |
| What are hamuli? What order has hamuli? | They’re the hook-like structures that hold the forewings to the hindwings. The order is hymenoptera. |
| What are elytra? What order has elytra? | They’re hardened, shell-like forewings. The order is colleoptera. |
| What are halteres? What order has halteres? | Modified hind wings in certain insects that act as balancing organs for stable flight. The order is diptera. |
| Name two holometabolous orders that have aquatic larvae. | Megaloptera and trichoptera |
| Name two traits you could use to differentiate Trichoptera and Lepidoptera adults? | trichoptera have hairs on wings, chewing mouthparts. The lepidoptera have scales on wings, proboscis. |
| Name two traits you could use to differentiate Mecoptera and Diptera? | mecoptera has four wings, chewing mouthparts, horse-like rostrum. Diptera has two wings, two halteres, non chewing mouthparts |
| Name one trait you could use to differentiate Hymenoptera and Diptera adults? | Hymenoptera has four wings; diptera has two wings. |
| Name one trait you could use to differentiate Lepidoptera and Diptera larvae. | Lepidoptera has three pairs of real legs towards the head; diptera larvae are legless. |
Created by:
smurtab