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AP Comp Gov Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| executive branch | the branch of government that carries out laws |
| bureaucracy | a large set of unelected officials who implement the laws |
| legislature | A group of lawmakers that passes laws and represents citizens |
| judiciary | the system of courts that interprets the law and applies it to individual cases |
| parliamentary system | system in which the executive and legislature are fused |
| coalition government | When two or more parties join together to form a majority and select a prime minister |
| member of parliament (MP) | a representative in the legislature elected by citizens |
| vote of no confidence | a vote by parliament to remove a government (prime minister and cabinet) from power |
| presidential system | A system in which the executive and legislature are elected independently and have separate and independent powers. |
| separation of powers | a division of power among the major branches of government |
| divided government | when one or both houses of the legislature are controlled by a political party other than the party of the president |
| semi-presidential system | a system that divides executive power between a directly elected president and a prime minister |
| legislative oversight | power of the legislature to hold cabinet officials and members of the bureaucracy accountable for their actions and policies |
| common law | a system of law based on precedent and customs |
| code law | a written set of laws that apply to everyone under a government |
| judicial independence | ability of judges to decide cases according to the law, free of interference from politically powerful officials or other institutions |
| civil-service system | method of staffing the bureaucracy based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications, rather than patronage. |
| welfare state | government programs to benefit the health and well-being of citizens |
| parliamentary sovereignty | the principle that parliment's power is supreme and extends over all aspects of the state |
| monarch | a hereditary ruler who serves for life |
| house of commons | directly elected lower house of parliament, which holds most of the policymaking power |
| house of lords | the unelected upper house of Parliament, which has the power to suggest amendments to bills and delay legislation |
| supreme court | a high court, in the UK, it cannot overturn acts of Parliament but has the authority to protect civil rights and liberties and rule on cases involving devolution |
| first past the post | candidate with the most votes wins the seat in a legislative district |
| unicameral vs bicameral legislature | Unicameral - has one house of legislature that makes all of the decisions Bicameral - has two different houses of legislature that are able to make decisions and keep each other in check |
| China | semi-presidential, code law, no judicial review, unitary, unicameral, rule by law |
| Iran | semi-presidential, code law, yes judicial review, unitary, unicameral, rule by law |
| Mexico | presidential, code law, yes judicial review, federal, bicameral, rule of law |
| Nigeria | presidential, common law, yes judicial review, federal, bicameral, rule of law |
| Russia | semi-presidential, code law, yes judicial review, unitary, bicameral, rule by law |
| United Kingdom | parliamentary, common law, no judicial review, unitary, bicameral, rule of law |
| rule of law | law applies to everyone |
| rule by law | law applies only to certain people |
Created by:
lreynal