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Chapter 4: Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Smallest unit of life that can carry out all the processes of life | Cells |
| In 1665, who discovered cells in slices of corks (named them after cubicles) | Robert Hooke |
| Harvest energy from organic compounds and transfer it to ATP (known as the “powerhouse of the cell”) | Mitochondria |
| Hollow proteins (largest) | Microtubules |
| Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelle (contain cell membrane, nucleus, and ribosomes) | Prokaryote |
| Rigid structure made of cellulose (provides support and protection, found outside the cell) | Cell Wall |
| Made of protein fibers, helps cells move and maintain their shape | Cytoskeleton |
| Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelle | Eukaryote |
| Long, hair-like structures that whip for movement | Flagella |
| Has ribosomes, and transports proteins to the Golgi Body | Rough ER |
| Rope-like protein fibers that are a key part of the cytoskeleton, support and helps maintain the shape | Intermediate Filaments |
| The complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins found in the eukaryotic cells that forms chromosomes (spaghetti) | Chromatin |
| Fluid on the inside | Matrix |
| Only the fluid part of the cell | Cytosol |
| Double membrane that surrounds nucleus | Nuclear Envelope |
| Large vacuole to store water, enzymes, and waste, provides support for plant tissue | Central Vacuole |
| In 1838, discovered plant cells | Matthias Schleidan |
| Outer boundary, covers a cells surface, acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell, allows materials in and out of the cell | Plasma Membrane |
| A sac filled with fluid | Thylakoid |
| In 1673, first to observe living cells (microorganisms) (called them animacules, but now called protists) | Anton Van Leeuwenhoek |
| Converts light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis | Chloroplast |
| A specialized compartment within a cell that performs specific functions, like a tiny organ within the cell (nucleus, which contains DNA, and the mitochondria, which generates energy | Organelle |
| States that the phospholipid bilayer behaves like a fluid more than it behaves like a solid | Fluid Mosaic Model |
| Stacks of thylakoid (like stack of coins) | Grana |
| Green pigment | Chlorophyll |
| Attached to the surface of the Rough ER | Attached Ribosomes |
| Inner Membrane | Cristae |
| Solid proteins (smallest) | Microfilaments |
| Makes Ribosomes and DNA | Nucleolus |
| What cells are limited to | Surface area-to-volume ratio |
| Store starch and pigments | Plastids |
| Directs the cell’s activities and stores DNA in the form of chromatin | Nucleus |
| Fluid surrounding thylakoid | Stroma |
| Region that includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all the organelles except the nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| In 1839, discovered animal cells | Theodore Schwann |
| Short, hair-like structures that help cells move or filter particles | Cilia |
| Builds lipids, participates in detoxification, and transports lipids to the Golgi Body | Smooth ER |
| What are the 3 cell theroies | 1. All living organisms are made of 1 or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Found in cytoplasm (freely) (makes proteins) | Free ribosomes |
| (Suicide sac) Digestive enzymes, digests old cell parts, digests whole cell when it dies, and digests food and bacteria | Lysosomes |
| Stores red, orange, and yellow pigments | Chromoplast |
| Microtubules involved in cel division | Centrioles |
| Detoxification enzymes (breaks down H20 -> H20 + 02) | Peroxisomes |
| Store starch | Leukoplast |
| Processes and packages proteins and lipids from the ER (post office) | Golgi Body |
| In 1855, determined cells from preexisting cells | Rudolf Virchow |
Created by:
Elsie Lange