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EES 2.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geosphere | the solid part of Earth, from its surface to its core, including all rocks, soil, and landforms. |
| Divergant boundary | Tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. |
| Plate tectonics | the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into large slabs of rock, called tectonic plates, that move and float on a hotter, more fluid layer of rock beneath them |
| epicenter | the point on the Earth's surface directly above where an earthquake starts |
| lithosphere | the rigid, outermost shell of the Earth, made up of the crust and the very top, solid part of the mantle. Crusts, upper part of mantle. |
| oceanic crust | the thin, dense, rocky layer of Earth's crust that lies beneath the oceans |
| continental crust | the thick, less dense part of Earth's outer layer that forms the continents and the shallow seabed near their shores |
| kinetic energy | the energy an object possesses due to its motion |
| denisity | how heavy something is for its size. How compact |
| heat | the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference |
| rise | To go upwards |
| sink | to go down or cause to go down beneath the surface of a liquid or soft substance |
| layers | a single thickness of material or a distinct level or part of something. layers |
| earthquake | the sudden, violent shaking of the Earth's surface caused by the release of energy in the Earth's crust |
| seismograph | an instrument used to measure and record the motion of the Earth's surface during an earthquake or other seismic event |
| magnitude | size, extent, or quantity, often used in physics to describe the strength or intensity of a physical quantity like force or the power of an earthquake. |
| fault line | a fracture in the Earth's crust where tectonic plates move past each other |
| Volcano | an opening in a planet's crust where molten rock, gases, and ash escape from beneath the surface |
| rock cycle | the continuous process of rocks changing from one type to another through geological processes |
| pangea | a supercontinent that existed from about 335 to 175 million years ago |
| asthenosphere | a soft, semi-fluid layer of the Earth's upper mantle, located below the rigid lithosphere |
| sliding | to move along a surface smoothly and continuously |
| sea splitting | a rare natural event where a sandbank becomes exposed at low tide, making it possible to walk between bodies of water. sea splitting. |
| Alfred Wegener | German meteorologist and geophysicist who developed the theory of continental drift |
| theory | a formal set of ideas that has been tested and is used to explain something, unlike a guess or speculation |
| magma | molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface, formed when high temperatures and pressure cause rocks to melt |
| lava | Molten rock that flows out of a volcano onto the Earth's surface |
| Thermal | Related to heat. It can describe energy from heat, or objects designed to keep you warm. |
| Convection | Convection is the transfer of heat through a fluid |
| Thermal convection | Thermal Convection is the transfer of heat that involves movement due to temperature differences. |
| Mantle | A mantle is something that blankets over something else. It is also a layer of the Earth |
| Continental drift | Continental drift is the theory that the Earth's continents have moved slowly over geological time to their current locations |
| Radioactivity | Radioactivity is the release of energy from the decay of the nuclei of certain kinds of atoms and isotopes |
| Seismic waves | Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through Earth's layers or along its surface. |
| Fossil | A fossil is the preserved remains or trace of a once living organism. |
| Radioactive decay | A random process where an unstable nucleus of an atom loses energy by emitting energy, creating isotopes. |
| Inner core | Earth's innermost layer. Made of solid iron and nickel. |
| Outer core | Earth's liquid interior. Made of liquid iron and nickel. Located above the inner core but lower than the mantle. |
| Convergent Boundary | When tectonic plates move closer together, sometimes smashing into each other or subducting under the other creating mountains |
| Transform Boundary | When tectonic plates rub against each other. |
| Subduction | Subduction occurs when an oceanic plate runs into a continental plate and slides beneath it. |
| Unstable isotopes | An unstable isotope is when there are either too much or too little neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The atom will either gain or lose neutrons in a process called radioactive decay, emitting energy |
| Mantle convection | The convection in the mantle is when hot magma in the mantle is heated, making it less dense so it rises above the less dense, cooler magma. When the magma is high enough, it cools and falls again. This process is how the tectonic plates move. |
| Mountain formation | Mountains form at tectonic plate boundaries, the convergent boundary, when one plate sinks under the other or smash into the other plate. |
| Tsunamis | Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. |
| Richter scale | The Richter scale measures the intensity or magnitude of an earthquake and represents the intensity with a scale ranging from 1 to 10. |
| Ductile | capable of being shaped, bent, or drawn out. |
| P (seismic) waves | P waves are the first waves to arrivfe at the seismograph before an earthquake, they can move through liquid, solid, and gas |
| S (seismic) waves | S waves are seismic waves that arrive after P waves, move side to side, and can only travel through solids |
| Support for Wegener's proposed theory | The support for Alefred Wegener's theory is that the continents fit like puzzle pieces, the have similar fossils, similar geological structures, similar climate, and similar animals. |
| Trench | A trench is a deep and narrow hole, or ditch, in the ground. |
| Slab-pull | the pulling force exerted by a cold, dense oceanic plate plunging into the mantle due to its own weight |
| Ridge | A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated strip of land. |
| Plume | an area under the crust where magma is hotter than surrounding magma |
| Rift | break in the Earth's crust created by it spreading or splitting apart. |
| isotope | An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in the nucleus. |
| Half-life | The half-life of an atom is defined as the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei to decay. |
Created by:
Aking26