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EES 2.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | a sudden & violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. |
| Fault line | a line on a rock surface or the ground that traces a geological fault. |
| Volcano | an opening in the Earth's crust where molten rock, gases, and ash escape from below the surface |
| Tsunami | a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. |
| Plate tectonics | Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, carrying continents and oceans |
| Rock cycle | the continuous process by which the three main types of rocks igneous, sedimentary, & metamorphic, are transformed from one type to another over millions of years |
| Geosphere | the solid Earth, encompassing all its rocks, minerals, and landforms from the surface to the core |
| Asthenosphere | the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur. |
| Convection currents | a circular flow of fluid caused by differences in temperature and density;heat rises |
| continental plates | large sections of Earth’s crust that carry continents and move slowly over the mantle, part of the planet’s outer layer;lithosphere. |
| oceanic plates | sections of Earth’s crust found under the oceans; thinner, denser,mostly made of basalt, and they move over the mantle as part of the lithosphere. |
| trench | Deep valley formed where 1 plate subducts |
| seismograph | Tool that Records earthquakes magnitude |
| magnitude | The strength of an earthquake |
| magma | Melted rock below Earth's surface |
| lava | Melted rock on Earth's surface |
| crust | The thin outermost slayer of the earth |
| richter scale | Measures the strength of an earthquake based on the energy it releases |
| epicenter | Point on the surface directly above the earthquakes focus |
| continental drift | is the movement of Earth's continents from a single landmass, (Pangaea)to their current locations over millions of years. |
| Alfred Wegener | He proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 20th centery |
| Pangea | Super continent |
| Thermal | Heat |
| Mantle | Thick layer of the earth between the crust and the core |
| Seismic waves | Waves of energy that travel through the earths layers |
| Outer core | Layer of the earth between the mantle and inner core |
| Transform boundary | When 2 plates slide against each other horizontally |
| Unstable isotopes | is an atom that has excess energy or mass and decays over time, releasing radiation to become more stable. |
| Volcanism | The process of volcanos erupting |
| Seafloor Spreading | When new crust forms at mid ocean ridge- by magma coming up ,cooling and hardening |
| Support for wegener's theory | -fossil evidence -continents firing like a puzzle -similar geological features |
| Ridge | long, raised area of land or sea floor. In plate tectonics, |
| isotope | have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, which gives them a different atomic mass. |
| Convection | Process of heat transfer where heat rises and cool sinks creating a circular motion *like boiling water* |
| Fossil | the preserved remains or traces of ancient life, like bones, shells, or imprints in rock. |
| Density | The measure how much mass is packed into an object |
| Divergent Boundary | When 2 plates move away from each other |
| Subduction | When 1 plate slides beneath another plate |
| Mantle convection | Where the heat of the inner core causes the mantle to move in a circular motion . Moves plate tectonics |
| Ductile | A materials ability to stretch or bend without breaking |
| Magnitude | The size or strength of an event (ex- an earthquake) |
| plume | A plume is a column of hot, rising material from deep inside the Earth. It can cause lava to erupt from volcanoes. |
| Half-Life | How long an atom takes to transform into a more stable state |
| Thermal Convection | Transfer of heat through the method of convection |
| Tectonic plates | Tectonic plates are huge pieces of the Earth's surface that move around. Their movement causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains. |
| Radioactive | When something gives off energy because it's breaking down. |
| Radioactive decay | when an unstable atom loses energy by releasing radiation, changing into a more stable form. |
| Inner core | the very center of the Earth. extremely hot. |
| Convergent boundary | Plates move towards each other |
| Rock cycle | The process in witch rocks change from one type to another over time |
| Mountain formation | Mountains form when tectonic plates collide or push together, causing the Earth's crust to fold or lift. |
| Slab-pull | the process where a sinking, dense tectonic plate pulls the rest of the plate along with it as it moves into the Earth's mantle. |
| Rift | a crack or opening in the Earth's crust where tectonic plates are pulling apart, often forming valleys or oceans over time. |
Created by:
Daguilar26