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EES 2.0

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TermDefinition
earthquakes. is a sudden shaking of the ground caused by movement of rocks along faults in the Earth’s crust.
plate tectonics. the theory that Earth’s outer shell is divided into large plates that move and interact, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain formation.
magnitude. a measure of the energy released by an earthquake.
convection. are circular movements of molten rock in the Earth’s mantle caused by heat from the core, which drive plate movement.
upper mantle. is the layer of the Earth beneath the crust, made of semi-solid rock that slowly moves and helps drive plate tectonics.
asthenosphere. is the soft, semi-molten layer of the upper mantle that allows tectonic plates to move on top of it.
outer core. is the liquid layer of the Earth made of molten iron and nickel, located between the mantle and the inner core.
inner core. is the solid, dense center of the Earth, made mainly of iron and nickel.
geosphere. is all the solid parts of the Earth, including rocks, mountains, and the crust.
Richter scale. is a numerical scale that measures the strength of an earthquake.
rock cycle. is the process by which rocks change from one type to another over time through melting, cooling, erosion, and pressure.
fault line. a fracture in Earth’s crust where rocks move past each other.
lava. molten rock that flows out of a volcano during an eruption.
Trench. a long, deep, narrow depression in the ocean floor or ground.
Pangea. a supercontinent that existed millions of years ago before breaking into today’s continents.
volcanism. the process by which molten rock and gases erupt onto a planet’s surface.
Thermal. related to heat or temperature.
lower mantle. the deep, dense layer of Earth between the upper mantle and the outer core.
(W) seismic waves. a type of seismic vibration identified in some models, thought to travel through Earth’s core.
continental drift. the slow movement of Earth’s continents across the planet’s surface over time.
transform boundary. where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.
divergent boundary. where two tectonic plates move away from each other.
convergent boundary. two tectonic plates collide or move toward each other.
unstable isotopes. atoms that decay over time, releasing radiation.
seafloor spreading. the process where new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and pushes older crust outward.
support for wegener's propose theory includes matching coastlines, similar fossils across continents, and aligned rock formations.
ridge. a long, elevated landform, often underwater at mid-ocean ridges.
isotope. is a version of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
fossils. preserved remains or traces of ancient plants and animals.
density. the mass of an object divided by its volume.
subduction. when one tectonic plate moves beneath another into the mantle.
mantle convection. the slow, circular movement of Earth’s mantle caused by heat from the core.
tsunami. a large, fast-moving ocean wave caused by underwater earthquakes or eruptions.
ductile. a material can be stretched or deformed without breaking
plume. an upwelling of hot material from deep within the Earth.
half-life. the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.
thermal convection. The transfer of heat in a fluid caused by the movement of warmer, less dense fluid rising and cooler, denser fluid sinking.
Radioactivity. The release of energy from unstable atoms.
Radioactive decay. When an unstable atom changes into a more stable one.
Mountain formation. Mountains form when Earth’s crust is pushed upward.
Seismograph. A device that records earthquake vibrations.
Epicenter. the point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus.
(P) seismic waves. Fast earthquake waves that move through solids and liquids.
Magma. Melted rock found beneath Earth’s surface.
Alfred Wagner. The scientist who proposed the idea of continental drift.
Rift A deep crack where Earth’s crust is pulling apart.
slab-pull When a sinking tectonic plate pulls the rest of the plate downward.
Created by: user-1996992
 

 



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